Evolution of cardiovascular risk factors among 18-year-old males in Austria between 1986 and 2005

Wallner, Astrid; Hirz, Alexandra; Schober, Edith; Harbich, Harald; Waldhoer, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s00508-010-1305-5

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The ratio of obesity to overweight climbed from 0.19 in 1986-1990 to 0.4 in 2006-2010, reflecting the steeper gain in obesity in the long run compared to overweight. When regarding the trend of overweight and obesity prevalence from 1986 to 2010 including previous data [16], a steep increase to the last cohort from 2006 to 2010 can be demonstrated (Arrows in Fig. 2B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…We next investigated how the data obtained in the present study were compared to the trend reported in the recent study by Wallner et al [16]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…However, some inconsistencies regarding the previous conscription examination data remain. Schober et al report prevalence rates for overweight and obesity of 15.5% and 5.8% [13], respectively, whereas Wallner et al report 15.67% and 5.44% [16], respectively for the cohort from 2001 to 2005 despite the fact that these surveys used the same data source and definitions of BMI groups. We feel these differences are of minor clinical relevance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In order to assure comparability with previous studies 3 regions were defined: Western Austria (federal provinces of Vorarlberg, Tyrol and Salzburg), Central Austria (federal provinces of Upper Austria, Styria and Carinthia) and Eastern Austria (federal provinces of Lower Austria, Burgenland and Vienna) [13,16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of obesity and overweight in male 18-year-olds in Austria from 2006 to 2010: an update

et al. 2011

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Background: Obesity is one of the most important health-related problems in the 21st century. Data on its respective prevalence in Austria remain scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the current trends of overweight and obesity classes in a subset of 18-years-old male subjects and its potential impact on future bariatric surgery demand.Methods: Data from compulsory military conscription examinations in male 18-year-olds from 2006 to 2010 were obtained from the Federal Ministry of Defense database. Measurements of height, weight and subsequent BMI calculations in 211,221 conscripts were subdivided into yearly cohorts. Overweight was defined as BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 , obesity grade I as BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/ m 2 and obesity grade IIþ as BMI ‡ 35.0 kg/m 2 . Furthermore, the number of conscripts who became ineligible for military service caused by their obesity diagnosis (ICD-10 E66.x) was recorded.Results: Mean BMI increased from 23.16 ± 3.90 kg/m 2 (2006) to 23.41 ± 3.98 kg/m 2 (2010; p < 0.001). Overweight, obesity grade I and obesity grade IIþ increased from 18.77%, 5.36%, 2.12% in 2006 to 20.57%, 5.96%, 2.40% in 2010, respectively. Furthermore, an increasing gradient of overweight, obesity grade I and IIþ from west to east was found. In 2006 0.19% and in 2010 0.48% of all conscripts were considered ineligible military service.Conclusions: BMI remains increasing in Austrian adolescents. Obesity stage IIþ shows a continuous increase that will lead to a higher demand for bariatric procedures in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…We next investigated how the data obtained in the present study were compared to the trend reported in the recent study by Wallner et al [16]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in male 18-year-olds in Austria from 2006 to 2010: an update

et al. 2011

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“…A cholesterol-level analysis is part of the medical examination performed in several European armed forces [ 11 , 12 ]. The medical data of Swiss conscripts provide an annual picture of the health status of the almost entire ~19-year-old male population [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariable analysis of total cholesterol levels in male Swiss Armed Forces conscripts 2006-2012 (N = 174,872)

Bruggisser¹,

Burki²,

Haeusler

et al. 2016

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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BackgroundCholesterol is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality risks due to its association with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A system of mandatory military conscription is a useful tool for disease-risk monitoring in a given male population. Swiss military conscription data are representative for more than 90 % of a given male birth cohort (with Swiss citizenship). The medical examination also includes voluntary laboratory testing, for which approximately 65 % of the young men present at conscription give consent.MethodsHere we present the temporal and subgroup analyses of total serum cholesterol levels (TCL) among Swiss conscripts from 2006 to 2012 (N = 174,872; mean age = 19.75 years). The voluntary blood samples were tested by a central laboratory (Viollier AG) with identical measurement standards and strict quality control. To test differences in TCL by socioeconomic occupational status, sports test performance, Body Mass Index (BMI), age, and place of residence of the conscripts we used a multivariable regression model with TCL as dependent variable.ResultsMean TCL decreased significantly, by 0.125 mmol/l (95 % CI 0.108–0.142, p < 0.001) from 4.225 mmol/l (95 % CI 4.210–4.240) in 2006 to 4.100 mmol/l (95 % CI 4.091–4.109) in 2012. Similarly, the prevalence of conscripts with an elevated TCL ≥ 5.17 mmol/l decreased from ≥10.2 % prior to 2011 to 6.9 % in 2011 and 8.2 % in 2012. Multivariate regression showed an association between elevated TCL and lower socioeconomic occupational status, lower sports test performance, higher BMI, higher age, and area of residence. There was no longer a significant increase in mean TCL among the three grades of obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) as defined by the WHO. Within the BMI categories of normal weight and overweight, TCL was stratified by sports performance (better sports performance = lower TCL).ConclusionDecreasing TCL in 2011 and 2012 fits the known pattern of conscripted persons’ stabilizing BMI and sports test performance of the conscripts in recent years. However, small temporal drifts within the laboratory analyses cannot be ruled out as confounding factors. In conclusion, identifying subgroups with unfavorable lipid profiles will contribute to the continuing success of intensified public health programs.

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Exenatide modulates visual cortex responses

Binda

Eldor

Huerta

et al. 2019

Diabetes Metabolism Res

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Aims: Increasing evidence suggests that metabolism affects brain physiology. Here we examine the effect of GLP-1 on simple visual-evoked fMRI responses in cortical areas. Material and methods: Lean (n=10) and non-diabetic obese (n=10) subjects received exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) or saline infusion and fMRI responses to visual stimuli (food and nonfood images) were recorded. We analyzed the effect of exenatide on fMRI signals across the cortical surface with special reference to the visual areas. We evaluated the effects of exenatide on the raw fMRI signal and on the fMRI signal change during visual stimulation (vs. rest). Results: In line with previous studies, we find that exenatide eliminates the preference for food (over nonfood) images present under saline infusion in high-level visual cortex (temporal pole). In addition, we find that exenatide (vs. saline) also modulates the response of early visual areas, enhancing responses to both food and nonfood images in several extra-striate occipital areas, similarly in obese and lean participants. Unexpectedly, exenatide increased fMRI raw signals (signal intensity during rest periods without stimulation) in a large occipital region, which were negatively correlated to BMI. Conclusions: In both lean and obese individuals, exenatide affects neural processing in visual cortex, both in early visual areas and in higher order areas. This effect may contribute to the known effect of GLP1-analogues on food related behavior.

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Evolution of cardiovascular risk factors among 18-year-old males in Austria between 1986 and 2005

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in male 18-year-olds in Austria from 2006 to 2010: an update

Prevalence of obesity and overweight in male 18-year-olds in Austria from 2006 to 2010: an update

Multivariable analysis of total cholesterol levels in male Swiss Armed Forces conscripts 2006-2012 (N = 174,872)

Exenatide modulates visual cortex responses

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