Evolution of chemical and mechanical properties in two-photon polymerized materials during pyrolysis

Mao, Aofei; Mitsuboshi, Hibiki; Trochon, Maxime; Zhang, Xiang; Trinh, Lanh; Keynia, Sedighe; Fan, Peixun; Kraiem, Nada; Huang, Xi; Li, Nan; Li, Peizi; Wu, Zhipeng; Sun, Wanting; Cui, Bai; Silvain, Jean‐François; Hara, Masanori; Yoshimura, Masamichi; Marshall, Kenneth; Anthamatten, Mitchell; Lu, Yong Feng

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2023.03.061

“…1h), such as propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), which is often followed by secondary cleaning steps with solvents such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA). 42–44 Such development processes are needed to ensure that any residual (uncured) photomaterial has been removed. 45–47 Ultimately, these DLW fabrication processes culminate in the production of 3D micro/nanostructured entities comprising cured photomaterial (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications

Young,

Xu,

Sarker

et al. 2024

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“…During annealing at a high temperature, pyrolysis occurs which carbonizes the structure and shrinks it. [37] Shrinkage occurs during annealing and carbonization, which reduces final structure size by 30 % to 50 %. [29,30] Thus, one advantage of this technique is that the final structure is smaller than the printer resolution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A customized structure is printed in the photoresist by using the laser to trigger chemical cross‐linking of the photoresist polymer, and then developing it to rinse away non‐cross‐linked photoresist. During annealing at a high temperature, pyrolysis occurs which carbonizes the structure and shrinks it [37] . Shrinkage occurs during annealing and carbonization, which reduces final structure size by 30 % to 50 % [29,30] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

Shao,

Zhao,

Dunham

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

2

0

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In vivo electrochemistry in small brain regions or synapses requires nanoelectrodes with long straight tips for submicron scale measurements. Nanoelectrodes can be fabricated using a Nanoscribe two‐photon printer, but annealed tips curl if they are long and thin. We propose a new pulling‐force strategy to fabricate a straight carbon nanoneedle structure. A micron‐width bridge is printed between two blocks. The annealed structure shrinks during pyrolysis, and the blocks create a pulling force to form a long, thin, and straight carbon bridge. Parameterization study and COMSOL modeling indicate changes in the block size, bridge size and length affect the pulling force and bridge shrinkage. Electrodes were printed on niobium wires, insulated with aluminum oxide, and the bridge cut with focused ion beam (FIB) to expose the nanoneedle tip. Annealed needle diameters ranged from 400 nm to 5.25 µm and length varied from 50.5 µm to 146 µm. The electrochemical properties are similar to glassy carbon, with good performance for dopamine detection with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Nanoelectrodes enable biological applications, such as dopamine detection in a specific Drosophila brain region. Long and thin nanoneedles are generally useful for other applications such as cellular sensing, drug delivery, or gas sensing.

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3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

Shao,

Zhao,

Dunham

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

1

0

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In vivo electrochemistry in small brain regions or synapses requires nanoelectrodes with long straight tips for submicron scale measurements. Nanoelectrodes can be fabricated using a Nanoscribe two‐photon printer, but annealed tips curl if they are long and thin. We propose a new pulling‐force strategy to fabricate a straight carbon nanoneedle structure. A micron‐width bridge is printed between two blocks. The annealed structure shrinks during pyrolysis, and the blocks create a pulling force to form a long, thin, and straight carbon bridge. Parameterization study and COMSOL modeling indicate changes in the block size, bridge size and length affect the pulling force and bridge shrinkage. Electrodes were printed on niobium wires, insulated with aluminum oxide, and the bridge cut with focused ion beam (FIB) to expose the nanoneedle tip. Annealed needle diameters ranged from 400 nm to 5.25 µm and length varied from 50.5 µm to 146 µm. The electrochemical properties are similar to glassy carbon, with good performance for dopamine detection with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Nanoelectrodes enable biological applications, such as dopamine detection in a specific Drosophila brain region. Long and thin nanoneedles are generally useful for other applications such as cellular sensing, drug delivery, or gas sensing.

show abstract

Evolution of chemical and mechanical properties in two-photon polymerized materials during pyrolysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications

Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

3D‐Printed Carbon Nanoneedle Electrodes for Dopamine Detection in Drosophila

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