Evolution of chemical, biological, and physical water properties in the northern California Current in 2005: Remote or local wind forcing?

Hickey, Barbara M.; MacFadyen, Amy; Cochlan, William P.; Kudela, Raphael M.; Bruland, Kenneth W.; Trick, Charles G.

doi:10.1029/2006gl026782

Cited by 61 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition to the persistent southward advection of water masses along the Washington shelf described previously, during summer storms a buoyant plume (warmer and fresher than ambient coastal water) from the Columbia River can move rapidly northward along the coast to at least La Push (LP, see Fig. 1; Hickey et al 2005). Such a plume was visible on all but one (September 2005) of our ECOHAB-PNW cruises (not shown).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Physical oceanography and nutrient supply: an overviewIn general, coastal currents are southward along the outer shelf and slope in this region for most of the late spring to fall upwelling period (Hickey 1989). The shelf break jet, which flows southeastward along the British Columbia outer shelf, forms the outer limb of the Juan de Fuca eddy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These areas have some physical features that bear some resemblance to the Juan de Fuca eddy. For example, in these regions, flow-topography interactions can lead to enhanced surface plankton retention, as seen in the Juan de Fuca eddy, in contrast to the open regions of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems that are characterized by long and straight coastlines (Hickey and Banas 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the Juan de Fuca eddy region and its adjacent shelves

et al. 2009

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The Juan de Fuca eddy is a toxic ''hot spot.'' Domoic acid (DA) was detected in the eddy during each of six cruises over a 4-yr study, although Pseudo-nitzschia abundance and toxin concentrations were highly variable. During the September 2004 eddy bloom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. exceeded 13 3 10 6 cells L 21 , and particulate DA reached 80 nmol L 21 . Of the .10 species of Pseudo-nitzschia identified in this region, those coincident with the most toxic blooms are P. cf. pseudodelicatissima, P. cuspidata, P. multiseries, and P. australis. However, the presence of any particular species could not be used as an indicator of toxicity because of the high level of variability in intracellular DA in field assemblages. Pseudo-nitzschia cells were typically associated with blooms of other diatom taxa but also were coincident with blooms of euglenoids and dinoflagellates in the eddy region. Pseudo-nitzschia always comprised ,17% of the total carbon biomass, thereby rendering remote sensing an unsuitable means for predicting toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in this region. Our results support the hypothesis that the Juan de Fuca eddy region and not the nearshore zone is the primary initiation site for toxic blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia affecting the Washington coast. Although particulate DA was observed near the edges of the Columbia River plume, whether toxin can be produced in situ in plume water is not resolved. No first-order predictive relationships were found for either Pseudo-nitzschia abundance or DA concentration and environmental data from all six cruises. Domoic acid (DA), produced by species of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, was first recognized as a biotoxin to humans when over 100 people became severely ill after consuming mussels harvested near Prince Edward Island, Canada, in 1987(Wright et al. 1989. Most of the known toxic events in North America since that time have occurred on the U.S. West Coast, where DA was first implicated in the illness and death of brown pelicans and Brandt's cormorants in Monterey Bay, California, in 1991(Work et al. 1993. In October 1991, about 1 month following the toxic bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia in California, DA concentrations above the regulatory limit were found in the edible parts of Pacific razor clams (Siliqua patula) and Dungeness crabs (Cancer magister) on the Washington coast (Wekell et al. 1994). In 1998, the deleterious effect of DA on the health of marine mammals, in particular, California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), was confirmed for the first time along the West Coast (Scholin et al. 2000), 1 Corresponding author (Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov). AcknowledgmentsWe thank the officers and crew of the R/V Wecoma, R/V Atlantis, R/V Thompson, and R/V Melville for their assistance. We thank J. Herndon for nutrient analysis; N. Tsui, B. Bill, and A. Odell for the Pseudo-nitzschia cell enumeration; K. Baugh and S. Nance for DA analyses; M. Bernhardt and M. Foy for plankton analyses; M. Auro, R. Radan, and N. Ladizinsky for pigment analyses; N. Kachel for condu...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the Juan de Fuca eddy region and its adjacent shelves

et al. 2009

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“…8B). While conditions in the CalCOFI-CCE study area during this time period were not extraordinary, and near their long-term averages, the upwelling season in the northern California Current was markedly delayed, creating unusually warm sea surface temperatures through the spring and early summer months (Hickey et al, 2006;Peterson et al, 2006;Schwing et al, 2006;Barth et al, 2007). High dinoflagellate biomass during this period was not just a local phenomenon for the inshore region of the southern CCE.…”

Section: Community Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial patterns of microbial community biomass and composition in the Southern California Current Ecosystem

Taylor

Landry

Selph

et al. 2015

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tAs part of the California Current Ecosystem Long Term Ecological Research (CCE-LTER) Program, samples for epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM) were collected at ten 'cardinal' stations on the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) grid during 25 quarterly cruises from 2004 to 2010 to investigate the biomass, composition and size-structure of microbial communities within the southern CCE. Based on our results, we divided the region into offshore, and inshore northern and southern zones. Mixed-layer phytoplankton communities in the offshore had lower biomass (16 7 2 μg C L � 1 ; all errors represent the 95% confidence interval), smaller size-class cells and biomass was more stable over seasonal cycles. Offshore phytoplankton biomass peaked during the winter months. Mixed-layer phytoplankton communities in the northern and southern inshore zones had higher biomass (78722 and 32 79 μg C L � 1 , respectively), larger size-class cells and stronger seasonal biomass patterns. Inshore communities were often dominated by micro-size (20-200 μm) diatoms; however, autotrophic dinoflagellates dominated during late 2005 to early 2006, corresponding to a year of delayed upwelling in the northern CCE. Biomass trends in mid and deep euphotic zone samples were similar to those seen in the mixed-layer, but with declining biomass with depth, especially for larger size classes in the inshore regions. Mixed-layer ratios of autotrophic carbon to chlorophyll a (AC:Chl a) had a mean value of 51.57 5.3. Variability of nitracline depth, bin-averaged AC:Chl a in the mixed-layer ranged from 40 to 80 and from 22 to 35 for the deep euphotic zone, both with significant positive relationships to nitracline depth. Total living microbial carbon, including auto-and heterotrophs, consistently comprised about half of particulate organic carbon (POC).

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“…Coastal phenomena that cannot be explained by local forcings are often documented (Freeland et al, 2003;Hickey et al, 2006;Schwing et al, 2006). However, no study has considered the dynamical mechanisms governing the interaction between a large-scale interior circulation with an EBC.…”

Section: The Influences Of Large-scale Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instabilities of an eastern boundary current with and without large-scale flow influence

Wang¹

2011

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Eastern oceanic boundary currents are subject to hydrodynamic instability, generate small scale features that are visible in satellite images and may radiate westward into the interior, where they can be modified by the large-scale circulations. This thesis studies the stability of an eastern boundary current with and without the large-scale flow influence in an idealized framework represented by barotropic quasi-geostrophic dynamics.The linear stability analysis of a meridional current with a continuous velocity profile shows that meridional eastern and western boundary currents support a limited number of radiating modes with long meridional and zonal wavelengths and small growth rates. However, the linearly stable, long radiating modes of an eastern boundary current can become nonlinearly unstable by resonating with short trapped unstable modes. This phenomenon is clearly demonstrated in the weakly nonlinear simulations. Results suggest that linearly stable longwave modes deserve more attention when the radiating instability of a meridional boundary current is considered.A large-scale flow affects the short trapped unstable mode and long radiating mode through different mechanisms. The large-scale flow modifies the structure of the boundary current to stabilize or destabilize the unstable modes, leading to a meridionally localized maximum in the perturbation kinetic energy field. The shortwave mode is accelerated or decelerated by the meridional velocity adjustment of the large-scale flow to have an elongated or a squeezed meridional structure, which is confirmed both in a linear WKB analysis and in nonlinear simulations. The squeezed or elongated unstable mode detunes the nonlinear resonance with the longwave modes, which then become less energetic. These two modes show different meridional structures in kinetic energy field because of the different mechanisms.In spite of the model simplicity, these results can potentially explain the formation of the zonal jets observed in altimeter data, and indicate the influence of the large-3 scale wind-driven circulation on eastern boundary upwelling systems in the real ocean. Studies with more realistic configurations remain future challenges.

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Evolution of chemical, biological, and physical water properties in the northern California Current in 2005: Remote or local wind forcing?

Cited by 61 publications

References 16 publications

Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the Juan de Fuca eddy region and its adjacent shelves

Variability of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid in the Juan de Fuca eddy region and its adjacent shelves

Temporal and spatial patterns of microbial community biomass and composition in the Southern California Current Ecosystem

Instabilities of an eastern boundary current with and without large-scale flow influence

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