Evolution of coastal hazards policies in the United States

Platt, Rutherford H.

doi:10.1080/08920759409362236

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Other research has integrated social aspects with physical risks in a wide array of spatial contexts (Wilhite and Easterling 1987; Mitchell et al 1989;Lewis 1987;Liverman 1986Liverman , 1990Palm and Hodgson 1992;Degg 1993;Longhurst 1995). Coastal counties are especially vulnerable to flooding, overwash and storm surges, as well as huge capital investments required to reconstruct private property and public infrastructure (Platt 1994). They are also vulnerable to erosion and other short-term and long-term impacts such as sea level rise Hammer-Klose 1999, 2000;Boruff et al 2005).…”

Section: Physical Vulnerability Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An index of relative displacement risk to hurricanes

2011

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Indicator and index-building activities have become commonplace for assessing and estimating social, environmental, and economic strengths and vulnerabilities of communities, regions and even countries. In the context of disasters, much of the empirical research has focused on identifying places and populations that are vulnerable to catastrophic hurricane and flood disasters. However, there have not been parallel efforts to capture measures for displacement risk. This article seeks to fill this gap by focusing on (1) a preliminary conceptualization of displacement risk; (2) a set of related indicators and measures at various scales, including indicators tapping policy capacity and commitment; and (3) development of an operational displacement risk index (DRI) and results for a snapshot year of 2007. The study area, 158 counties in the United States, was the coastal portion (an area two counties ''deep'') of eight states. Findings suggest that the mean levels of DRI scores were much higher for coastal counties. Clusters of the highest DRI scores are particularly evident for coastal counties of Florida, especially the South Florida counties of Miami Dade, Monroe, Palm Beach, and Broward. Florida also scores high in terms of the top ten most vulnerable counties (i.e., 7 of the top 10) as well as exposure to hurricanes (i.e., 6 of the top 10 counties with the highest probability of hurricane strikes). Despite the limitations explained in the paper, we hope that the creation of the DRI has helped to fill a gap in knowledge and will lead to higher level theoretical and research discussions on the population displacement phenomenon, its determinants and planning and policy interventions.

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Section: Physical Vulnerability Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An index of relative displacement risk to hurricanes

2011

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“…reliance on engineered shoreline protection has been gradually supplemented by soft protection measures such as beach nourishment as well as flood insurance policies and land use regulations (Platt 1994). Furthermore, ecosystem protection and restoration are increasingly recognized as legitimate coastal protection services that provide vegetation barriers to coastal inundation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Guest editorial on coastal adaptation

Cheong

2010

Climatic Change

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“…Titus's (1998) general classification of marshes, swamps, muddy shores, and sandy beaches as "public tidelands" perhaps best describes some of the key ecological features at risk from development encroachment. Other authors, like Platt (1994) and Beatley (1998), have also warned of damage and degradation to ecological systems, such as wetlands, which serve important functions as buffers against erosion and flooding and habitat for marine biota.…”

Section: Retreating Shorelines Wetland and Stateland: Nags Headmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In 1986, the North Carolina Coastal Commission identified nearly 5,000 buildings at risk from erosion in the next 60 years, and of the 237 miles of shoreline surveyed, 75% was eroding (Platt, 1994;Pasterick, 1998). Owens (1985) also noted that 18% of the North Carolina coastline had an erosion rate of six feet per year or greater.…”

Section: Retreating Shorelines Wetland and Stateland: Nags Headmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The 1998 permanent population was estimated at 2,241, with a peak visitor population between 40,000 and 50,000. Like all barrier islands, Nags Head is vulnerable to hurricanes and Nor'easters, coastal erosion and destruction, setting the stage for loss of human life from flooding, overwash and storm surges, as well as huge capital investments required to reconstruct private property and public infrastructure (Platt, 1994). Although not specific to Nags Head, Table 1 summarizes hurricanes and tropical storms from the 1950s to 1990s, as well as types of damage and estimated losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Coastal Hazards and the Built Environment on Barrier Islands: A Retrospective View of Nags Head n the Late 1990s

Esnard¹

2001

Coastal Management

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This article provides a summary of past disasters, and hazard mitigation initiatives in the state of North Carolina, with a focus on the barrier island of Nags Head. The article also highlights the application of GIS technology to assess (i) the built environment and the extent of development and tax base in the "danger" zones (floods, oceanfront hazard zone, incipient inlets); (ii) the status of pre-Flood Insurance Rate Mapping (FlRM) structures on developed parcels; and (iii) vacant land in relation to current zoning. Findings show that 72% of Nags Head was developed, with close to one-third of the developed parcels within the oceanfront hazard zone. A relatively high percentage of structures built prior to Nags Head's regular participation in the Flood Insurance Rate Mapping (FIRM) program also lie within incipient inlets and VE flood zones. These findings were used as part of Nags Head's ongoing hazard mitigation initiatives.

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Evolution of coastal hazards policies in the United States

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

An index of relative displacement risk to hurricanes

An index of relative displacement risk to hurricanes

Guest editorial on coastal adaptation

Coastal Hazards and the Built Environment on Barrier Islands: A Retrospective View of Nags Head n the Late 1990s

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