Evolution of Courtship Songs in &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xenopus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;: Vocal Pattern Generation and Sound Production

Leininger, Elizabeth C.; Kelley, Darcy B.

doi:10.1159/000433483

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Eschewing the purely big data approach where behavioral data are acquired blindly from large numbers of animals through automation and without regard for the individual (Anderson and Perona, 2014), this organismal-level study led to insights into both developmental (Takahashi et al, 2015) and evolutionary (Borjon and Ghazanfar, 2014) processes, and, subsequently, to computational principles shared across species (Takahashi et al, 2012). Similar ethological approaches in other species have led to a number of behaviorally driven investigations of neural level mechanisms: fish (Bass and Chagnaud, 2012), frogs (Leininger and Kelley, 2015), and birds (Benichov et al, 2016).…”

Section: Why We Still Need Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroscience Needs Behavior: Correcting a Reductionist Bias

Krakauer

Ghazanfar

Gomez‐Marin

et al. 2017

Neuron

1,172

904

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There are ever more compelling tools available for neuroscience research, ranging from selective genetic targeting to optogenetic circuit control to mapping whole connectomes. These approaches are coupled with a deep-seated, often tacit, belief in the reductionist program for understanding the link between the brain and behavior. The aim of this program is causal explanation through neural manipulations that allow testing of necessity and sufficiency claims. We argue, however, that another equally important approach seeks an alternative form of understanding through careful theoretical and experimental decomposition of behavior. Specifically, the detailed analysis of tasks and of the behavior they elicit is best suited for discovering component processes and their underlying algorithms. In most cases, we argue that study of the neural implementation of behavior is best investigated after such behavioral work. Thus, we advocate a more pluralistic notion of neuroscience when it comes to the brain-behavior relationship: behavioral work provides understanding, whereas neural interventions test causality.

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Section: Why We Still Need Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroscience Needs Behavior: Correcting a Reductionist Bias

Krakauer

Ghazanfar

Gomez‐Marin

et al. 2017

Neuron

1,172

904

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In Xenopus, vocalizations are based on implosion of air into a vacuum caused by rapidly moving structures in the larynx (Yager 1992(Yager , 1996, and a similar mechanism can be assumed for Pipa and Hymenochirus. Although pipid acoustic signals have been termed courtship songs by some authors (e.g., Leininger & Kelley 2015), we suggest describing them with the same terminology as vocalizations of other anurans.…”

Section: Pulse Durationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bioacoustics in anuran taxonomy: theory, terminology, methods and recommendations for best practice

Köhler

Jansen

Rodríguez³

et al. 2017

Zootaxa

481

410

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Vocalizations of anuran amphibians have received much attention in studies of behavioral ecology and physiology, but also provide informative characters for identifying and delimiting species. We here review the terminology and variation of frog calls from a perspective of integrative taxonomy, and provide hands-on protocols for recording, analyzing, comparing, interpreting and describing these sounds. Our focus is on advertisement calls, which serve as premating isolation mechanisms and, therefore, convey important taxonomic information. We provide recommendations for terminology of frog vocalizations, with call, note and pulse being the fundamental subunits to be used in descriptions and comparisons. However, due to the complexity and diversity of these signals, an unequivocal application of the terms call and note can be challenging. We therefore provide two coherent concepts that either follow a note-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units of sound as notes, and their entirety as call) or a call-centered approach (defining uninterrupted units as call whenever they are separated by long silent intervals) in terminology. Based on surveys of literature, we show that numerous call traits can be highly variable within and between individuals of one species. Despite idiosyncrasies of species and higher taxa, the duration of calls or notes, pulse rate within notes, and number of pulses per note appear to be more static within individuals and somewhat less affected by temperature. Therefore, these variables might often be preferable as taxonomic characters over call rate or note rate, which are heavily influenced by various factors. Dominant frequency is also comparatively static and only weakly affected by temperature, but depends strongly on body size. As with other taxonomic characters, strong call divergence is typically indicative of species-level differences, whereas call similarities of two populations are no evidence for them being conspecific. Taxonomic conclusions can especially be drawn when the general advertisement call structure of two candidate species is radically different and qualitative call differences are thus observed. On the other hand, quantitative differences in call traits might substantially vary within and among conspecific populations, and require careful evaluation and analysis. We provide guidelines for the taxonomic interpretation of advertisement call differences in sympatric and allopatric situations, and emphasize the need for an integrative use of multiple datasets (bio-acoustics, morphology, genetics), particularly for allopatric scenarios. We show that small-sized frogs often emit calls with frequency components in the ultrasound spectrum, although it is unlikely that these high frequencies are of biological relevance for the majority of them, and we illustrate that detection of upper harmonics depends also on recording distance because higher frequencies are attenuated more strongly. Bioacoustics remains a prime approach in integrative taxonomy of anurans if uncertainty due to possible intraspecific variation and technical artifacts is adequately considered and acknowledged.

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“…These sequential behavioral characteristics are represented with species specificity even between closely related species (Berridge, 1990;Donaldson and Young, 2008;Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000;Weber and Hoekstra, 2009;Weber et al, 2013). Therefore, the sequential behavioral pattern is a critical species-specific biosignal for the recognition of conspecifics and the discrimination of heterospecifics in nature (Leininger and Kelley, 2015;Marler and Peters, 1988;Pollack and Hoy, 1979;Woolley and Moore, 2011). However, a limited number of methods have been developed for quantitative analysis of the temporal sequence of behavioral patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%