2015
DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns14622
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Evolution of cranioplasty techniques in neurosurgery: historical review, pediatric considerations, and current trends

Abstract: Cranial bone repair is one of the oldest neurosurgical practices. Reconstructing the natural contours of the skull has challenged the ingenuity of surgeons from antiquity to the present day. Given the continuous improvement of neurosurgical and emergency care over the past century, more patients survive such head injuries, thus necessitating more than ever before a simple, safe, and durable means of correcting skull defects. In response, numerous techniques and materials have been devised as the art of craniop… Show more

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Cited by 85 publications
(83 citation statements)
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“…8,9 An ideal bone substitute should be degradable and should be replaced by newly formed bone in a short time 10 adapting to a dynamic processes as growth thought remodeling. 11 The degradation pattern of those ceramics is a critical issue especially in areas of highly aesthetic demands as the craniofacial region, because the grafted site should remain unaltered in shape after the ceramic is replaced by newly formed bone. Due to the need of long-lasting shape stability in craniofacial surgery, hydroxyapatite (HA)–based ceramics have been traditionally used as nonresorptive materials for augmentation of the facial skeleton 12 and cranial vault reconstruction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…8,9 An ideal bone substitute should be degradable and should be replaced by newly formed bone in a short time 10 adapting to a dynamic processes as growth thought remodeling. 11 The degradation pattern of those ceramics is a critical issue especially in areas of highly aesthetic demands as the craniofacial region, because the grafted site should remain unaltered in shape after the ceramic is replaced by newly formed bone. Due to the need of long-lasting shape stability in craniofacial surgery, hydroxyapatite (HA)–based ceramics have been traditionally used as nonresorptive materials for augmentation of the facial skeleton 12 and cranial vault reconstruction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Existe literatura sobre el uso polimetilmetacrilato en craneoplastías describiendo sus características, uso, y aplicaciones; destacando tres principales ventajas: la fácil colocación que coadyuva en un menor tiempo quirúrgico y por consiguiente un mejor postoperatorio para el paciente, los efectos adversos mínimos que presentan los pacientes portadores, y lo económico que resulta utilizarlo, siendo esto una gran ventaja, ya que el emplear titanio como material craneoplástico, eleva demasiado el costo quirúrgico; sin embargo aún existe controversia por considerarlo un material plástico, de dudosa en dureza y fractura, aunque exista literatura que han hecho comparaciones con otros materiales tales como, cristales de hidroxiapatita, PEEK, y hueso autólogo, con resultados aceptables, pero se consideran poco viables por su elevado costo al emplearlos. (2,5,6) Hoy en día, el empleo de titanio por parte de los neurocirujanos es más cotidiano, ya que existe vasta bibliografía que demuestra su uso y en gran parte las casas comerciales han hecho una mercadotecnia enfocada a una solución "eficiente", dejando a un lado el aspecto económico de los pacientes, ya que su elevado costo hace que en muchos de los casos los pacientes no puedan pagarlo; adicionando que aún falta por transcurrir tiempo para poder afirmar que el empleo de titanio en pacientes craniectomizados está garantizado. (6)(7)(8) El PMMA es un material que muestra mejores propiedades físicas, mecánicas y biológicas, este es un plástico duro, resistente, transparente, de excelentes propiedades ópticas con alto índice de refracción, buena resistencia al envejecimiento y a la intemperie.…”
Section: Craneotomía Y Craneoplastíaunclassified
“…(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). In some examples, AT is used for volume restoration after surgery for breast cancer (7), for soft tissue reconstruction in acquired or congenital malformations (8,9) and to fill defects such as cranial fractures or fistulas in cranial neurosurgery (10)(11)(12). In the context of regeneration, mesenchymal cells from adipose tissue have been used for numerous purposes including cardiomyocyte (13), bowel (14), tendon and bone regeneration (15).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%