The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of sonographically guided aspiration of simple ovarian cysts. During the period from 1985 through 1992, 107 ultrasonographically guided punctures of apparently simple ovarian cysts were performed. The group included 76 premenopausal and 31 postmenopausal women who were followed for 1 to 6 years (mean, 2.7 years) after initial cyst puncture. In 42 cases, cyst aspiration constituted the definitive therapy. In 65 cases the cyst recurred and in this group, 38 women (with complete recurrence) were T he management of apparently simple ovarian cysts diagnosed by ultrasonography is still controversial. Conservative management, ultrasonographically or laparoscopically guided aspiration, and operation have been proposed. Pinotti and coworkersl found that 68.9% of 245 ovarian cysts less than 8 cm in diameter invo-ABBREVIATIONS IVF, In vitro fcrtiliz.1tionReceived February 7, 1995, from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot, Israel (affiliated to the Hebrew University School of Medicine and Hadassa, Jerusalem). Revised manuscript accepted for publication January 7, 1996. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Reinaldo Goldchmit, MO, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Hospital, 76100 Rehovot, Israel. operated on whereas 27 women with a cyst less than 5 cm (incomplete recurrence) were allocated to a follow-up group. Overall, in 69 cases (65%) surgery was avoided. No major complications were encountered. In our experience, aspiration of simple ovarian cysts is a suitable alternative in the management of this problem. Close follow-up is necessary to detect recurrence and perform surgical intervention when indicated. KEY WORDS: Ultrasonographically guided puncture; Cysts, aspiration; Ovary, cysts. luted spontaneously. Even in postmenopausal women with unilocular cyst (less or equal to 5 cm) the prevalence of malignancy is low2 and Goldstein and colleagues3 suggested serial sonographic followup scans as a possible way to manage these cases. However, ovarian cancer is still the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, and some kind of diagnostic and therapeutic surgical intervention is necessary.Ovarian cysts occur mainly in young women, and most are functional cysts. To avoid unnecessary procedures that may affect future fertility in young women, conservative management, including aspiration cytology and follow-up of the patients, has been proposed. Fine needle aspiration cytology by laparoscopy4 or by ultrasonography5,6 is advocated by some authors. Cytologic analysis alone has its limitations7 and, therefore, the detection of recurrence by close follow-up is a sine qua non. We describe a study of 107 women who underwent sonographically guided aspiration of apparently simple ovarian cysts and long-term follow-up.