Evolution of Epigenetic Mechanisms and Signatures

Kalmykova, Alla; Buzdin, Anton

doi:10.3390/cells12010109

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…piRNAs: piRNAs are typically 24–32 nucleotides long noncoding RNAs that bind with P-element-induced wimpy testis (PIWI) proteins ( 93 ). Originally, piRNAs were dis-covered in germline cells with their most studied function being control of transposable elements in animal germ cells through complementary binding and targeting degradation of their transcripts ( 94 ), thus piRNAs are considered as key regulators for germline maintenance ( 95 ).…”

Section: Classes Of Ncrnas and Their Relation To Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer fusion transcripts with human non-coding RNAs

Mohammad,

Zolotovskaia,

Suntsova

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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Cancer chimeric, or fusion, transcripts are thought to most frequently appear due to chromosomal aberrations that combine moieties of unrelated normal genes. When being expressed, this results in chimeric RNAs having upstream and downstream parts relatively to the breakpoint position for the 5’- and 3’-fusion components, respectively. As many other types of cancer mutations, fusion genes can be of either driver or passenger type. The driver fusions may have pivotal roles in malignisation by regulating survival, growth, and proliferation of tumor cells, whereas the passenger fusions most likely have no specific function in cancer. The majority of research on fusion gene formation events is concentrated on identifying fusion proteins through chimeric transcripts. However, contemporary studies evidence that fusion events involving non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes may also have strong oncogenic potential. In this review we highlight most frequent classes of ncRNAs fusions and summarize current understanding of their functional roles. In many cases, cancer ncRNA fusion can result in altered concentration of the non-coding RNA itself, or it can promote protein expression from the protein-coding fusion moiety. Differential splicing, in turn, can enrich the repertoire of cancer chimeric transcripts, e.g. as observed for the fusions of circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs. These and other ncRNA fusions are being increasingly recognized as cancer biomarkers and even potential therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss the use of ncRNA fusion genes in the context of cancer detection and therapy.

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Section: Classes Of Ncrnas and Their Relation To Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%