“…O'Reilly et al, (2002) discussed scenarios for the evolution of aquatic feeding in adult frogs, from which, based on distribution of aquatic behavior alone, it is plausible that aquatic foraging is a shared primitive character among many basal frogs. Forearm scooping to capture prey in water, as it was observed in Bombina, Lepidobatrachus, Calyptocephalella, Rana, Pipa, and Xenopus (Gray et al, 1997), appears to be an ancestral behavior used for prey transport, while tongue protrusion, jaw bending, and head flexion have evolved for terrestrial feeding (Nishikawa, 2000).…”