Evolution of Granule Structure and Drug Content During Fluidized Bed Granulation by X-Ray Microtomography and Confocal Raman Spectroscopy

A review of current techniques for the evaluation of powder mixing

“…Surface imaging tools such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) are only able to scan the outer surface of objects and therefore they cannot be applied for full-scale evaluation of powder mixtures. On the other hand, µCT has a great potential for deep understanding of the structural properties of particulate materials [74,75]. Precise data analysis could be provided from rendered high resolution images using this technique.…”

Towards Better Process Understanding: Chemometrics and Multivariate Measurements in Manufacturing of Solid Dosage Forms

“…Granulation is in short still one of the most poorly understood unit operations because of the overlapping nature of the rate processes, measurements of process parameters that do not provide relevant information, or link only indirectly with CQA 31,131. The target mean granule size and granule size distribution, moisture content and hardness as well as content homogeneity of the granules are most often determined as the CQA of the wet granulation process 52,59,106.…”

Comparative static curing versus dynamic curing on tablet coating structures

“…XCT measurements allow the detection of subtle variations within the internal structure of solid dosage forms by a nondestructive image analysis (Poutiainen et al, 2011;Monkare et al, 2012;Noguchi et al, 2013). The use of this technique recently highlighted the presence of micro pores within the coating layers of cured tablets, which gradually decreased as dynamic curing time increased (Gendre et al, 2012).…”