Evolution of H5 subtype avian influenza A viruses in North America

Garcı́a, Maricarmen; Suarez, David L.; Crawford, John M.; Latimer, J. W.; Slemons, Richard D.; Swayne, David E.; Perdue, Michael L.

doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(97)00087-7

Cited by 70 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The introduction of a novel Eurasian lineage of the H6 subtype in North American wild-bird populations in the early 1980s resulted in H6 substitution rates that increased from 2.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions per site per year to 4.4 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions per site per year (4). Similarly, the introduction of a novel H5N2 strain into Mexican poultry farms increased nucleotide substitution rates from 7.0 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions per site per year to 28.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 substitutions per site per year (4,24). Conditions that allow mixing of bird species, such as in live-bird markets, are common throughout East Asia and would likely support the transmission of AIV strains to naive groups of birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Rejmanek

Hosseini

Mazet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The increasing number of zoonotic infections caused by influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes of avian origin (e.g., H5N1 and H7N9) in recent years underscores the need to better understand the factors driving IAV evolution and diversity. To evaluate the current feasibility of global analyses to contribute to this aim, we evaluated information in the public domain to explore IAV evolutionary dynamics, including nucleotide substitution rates and selection pressures, using 14 IAV subtypes in 32 different countries over a 12-year period (2000 to 2011). Using geospatial information from 39,785 IAV strains, we examined associations between subtype diversity and socioeconomic, biodiversity, and agricultural indices. Our analyses showed that nucleotide substitution rates for 11 of the 14 evaluated subtypes tended to be higher in Asian countries, particularly in East Asia, than in Canada and the United States. Similarly, at a regional level, subtypes H5N1, H5N2, and H6N2 exhibited significantly higher substitution rates in East Asia than in North America. In contrast, the selection pressures (measured as ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous evolutionary changes [dN/dS ratios]) acting on individual subtypes showed little geographic variation. We found that the strongest predictors for the detected subtype diversity at the country level were reporting effort (i.e., total number of strains reported) and health care spending (an indicator of economic development). Our analyses also identified major global gaps in IAV reporting (including a lack of sequences submitted from large portions of Africa and South America and a lack of geolocation information) and in broad subtype testing which, until addressed, will continue to hinder efforts to track the evolution and diversity of IAV around the world. IMPORTANCEIn recent years, an increasing number of influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes, including H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8, have been detected in humans. High fatality rates have led to an increased urgency to better understand where and how novel pathogenic influenza virus strains emerge. Our findings showed that mutational rates of 11 commonly encountered subtypes were higher in East Asian countries than in North America, suggesting that there may be a greater risk for the emergence of novel pathogenic strains in East Asia. In assessing the potential drivers of IAV subtype diversity, our analyses confirmed that reporting effort and health care spending were the best predictors of the observed subtype diversity at the country level. These findings underscore the need to increase sampling and reporting efforts for all subtypes in many undersampled countries throughout the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Rejmanek

Hosseini

Mazet

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…The viruses in this study were either previously pathotyped or pathotyped in this study using established procedures at the NVSL (7,8). All of the isolates were of the Table 1.…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though HPAI viruses have not been reported since 1996, LPAI virus continues to circulate in Mexico, and genetically related viruses have also circulated in Guatemala and El Salvador since at least 2000 and 2001, respectively (27). Though some of the earlier Mexican H5N2 isolates have been characterized previously (7,8,14), there has been no further characterization of field isolates after the introduction of the vaccine. Thus, it was speculated that antigenic drift might have occurred in this rapidly changing RNA virus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vaccine Use in the Evolution of Mexican Lineage H5N2 Avian Influenza Virus

Lee

Senne

Suarez

2004

J Virol

341

236

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“…Of the three influenza virus genera (Influenzavirus A, B, and C), Influenzavirus A viruses pose the most significant threat to human and animal health, and are subdivided into 16 HA subtypes [1]. Aquatic avian species are the main reservoir of all type A influenza subtypes, and although each subtype is normally non-pathogenic in waterfowl and poultry, subtypes H5 and H7 have occasionally become highly pathogenic in some avian species [2], including gallinaceous poultry [3,4], and waterfowl [5,6], and can constitute a serious veterinary health problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus

Steel

Burmakina

Thomas

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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The protection of poultry from H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can be achieved through vaccination, as part of a broader disease control strategy. We have previously generated a recombinant influenza virus expressing; (i) an H5 hemagglutinin protein, modified by the removal of the polybasic cleavage peptide and (ii) the ectodomain of the NDV hemagglutinin -neuraminidase (HN) protein in the place of the ectodomain of influenza neuraminidase (Park, M.S., et al., 2006. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103 (21), 8203-8208). Here we show this virus is attenuated in primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cell culture, and demonstrate protection of C57BL/6 mice from lethal challenge with an H5 HAcontaining influenza virus through immunisation with the recombinant virus. In addition, in-ovo vaccination of 18-day-old embryonated chicken eggs provided 90% and 80% protection against highly stringent lethal challenge by NDV and H5N1 virus respectively. We propose that this virus has potential as a safe in-ovo live, attenuated, bivalent avian influenza and Newcastle disease virus vaccine.

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Evolution of H5 subtype avian influenza A viruses in North America

Cited by 70 publications

References 29 publications

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Evolutionary Dynamics and Global Diversity of Influenza A Virus

Effect of Vaccine Use in the Evolution of Mexican Lineage H5N2 Avian Influenza Virus

A combination in-ovo vaccine for avian influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus

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