Evolution of inclusions with cerium addition and effects of C-containing rare earth inclusions on the toughness of ultra-high-strength structural steel

Yue, Jiang; Li, Yongchao; Dai, Qingwei; Chai, Sensen; Li, Kejian

doi:10.1080/03019233.2022.2099696

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Specifically, the balance between the Ce 2 O 3 -containing refining slag and the molten steel-containing aluminum will lead to a small amount of cerium being dissolved into the molten steel. This rare earth element can perform a vital role in purifying, modifying, and micro-alloying steels [138], modifying the inclusions [139][140][141][142], refining the solidification structure [143], and improving the performance [144][145][146] of RE steels. The effects of rare earth elements on the modification of inclusions have been widely studied, both in lab experiments and within industrial scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Cao

Wang

et al. 2023

Crystals

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The elimination of inclusions in steelmaking processes has been widely studied. The removal of inclusions by slags containing the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 are studied using an integrated numerical model. The integrated model involves the inclusion motion model, interfacial tension calculation model, surface tension calculation model of slag, and the mass action concentration model, based on ion and molecule coexistence theory. The motion behaviors of both solid Al2O3 inclusions and 50%wtAl2O3–50%wtCaO liquid inclusions of varied sizes at CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3(-MgO) slag systems are evaluated. The results show that it is more difficult to remove the inclusions with smaller sizes and in slag with a higher viscosity. Liquid inclusions are more difficult to remove than solid inclusions. It is found that the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO refining slag shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than that of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag. The reason for this is that the addition of the rare earth oxide Ce2O3 can decrease the viscosity of slags, as well as improving the wetting effects of slags on Al2O3 inclusions. For two slags systems, the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag system shows a better ability to remove Al2O3 inclusions than the CaO-Ce2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system. The addition of 5% to 8% Ce2O3 in a CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO slag is an optimized case for industrial applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Cao

Wang

et al. 2023

Crystals

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“…It was found that the solidification structure was refined, and a large number of small Ce 2 O 2 S inclusions promoted the nucleation of the solidification process. At the same time, the evolution path of inclusions after adding Ce was studied: Al 11 O 18 Ce→CeAlO 3 →Ce 2 O 3 →Ce 2 O 2 S. Y. Jiang [29] prepared ultra-high-strength structural steel with a Ce content of 0, 0.0367, 0.0559, and 0.0792 wt.% and studied the effects of Ce addition on inclusions and the toughness of ultra-high-strength steel. The results showed that 0.0367wt.% Ce can refine the size of oxides or sulfides to about 1 µm, improve the morphology of inclusions to create a spherical shape, and, thus, improve the toughness of L-Ce steel.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Analysis Of Inclusion Modifications In Gcr15 B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of the Formation of Non-Metallic Inclusions during the Deoxidation of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Cao,

Zhu,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Metals

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The non-metallic inclusions in steel mainly come from the deoxidization process of molten steel. Based on the different deoxidization processes of GCr15 bearing steel produced by a domestic steel plant, the single deoxidization curves of Al, Si, and Mn and the compound deoxidization curves of Al-Si and Si-Mn under pure molten iron and GCr15 bearing steel production conditions were calculated with the FactSage 8.1 thermodynamic software. The results show that the deoxidization curves under the two conditions are quite different. At the same time, the Al-Ti deoxidation equilibrium curve under the condition of GCr15 bearing steel was calculated. It was found that when [Ti] < 0.0015% in the steel, the equilibrium deoxidation product was Al2O3, and no titanium oxide was generated. Finally, a thermodynamic calculation and analysis of the effect of rare-earth Ce content on the modification of inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel were carried out. The results showed that when T = 1873 K, the rare-earth Ce treatment of aluminum deoxidized the GCr15 bearing steel; when [Al] = 0.015%, Al2O3 inclusions increased with the increase in [Ce] content, and the evolution path was Al11O18Ce→CeAlO3→Ce2O3. When [Si] = 0.28%, [O] > 50 ppm, and CeCrO3 and [O] 0.012% appeared. CeS inclusions appeared in the steel, and the final equilibrium product was CeS + Ce2O3. When [Ce] < 0.012%, CeS was not produced in the steel, and only Ce2O3 existed.

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“…In addition, small amounts of rare earth elements are dissolved in microalloyed steels by vacancy diffusion, occupying lattice cross-section points. In manganese steels, rare earth elements interact with carbon atoms and influence the phase transformation and precipitation of carbides [14][15][16]. Rare earth atoms with large diameters and high distortion energies tend to polarize at the ferrite-carbide interface [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In manganese steels, rare earth elements interact with carbon atoms and influence the phase transformation and precipitation of carbides [14][15][16]. Rare earth atoms with large diameters and high distortion energies tend to polarize at the ferrite-carbide interface [16,17]. The microalloying effect of rare earths in steel is becoming increasingly significant as the cleanliness of steel continues to improve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Nb-Containing Microalloyed Steels

Cheng,

Hou,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Materials

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The present investigation endeavors to explore the influence of rare earth elements on the strength and plasticity characteristics of low-carbon microalloyed steel under tensile loading conditions. The findings from the conducted tensile tests indicate that the incorporation of rare earths leads to a notable enhancement in the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and ductility properties of the steel. A comparative analysis of the microstructures reveals that the presence of rare earths significantly refines and optimizes the microstructure of the microalloyed steel. This optimization is manifested through a reduction in grain size, diminution of inclusion sizes, and a concomitant rise in their number density. Moreover, the addition of rare earths is observed to foster an increase in the volumetric fraction of carbides within the steel matrix. These multifaceted microstructural alterations collectively contribute to a substantial strengthening of the microalloyed steel. Furthermore, it is elucidated that the synergistic interaction between rare earth elements and both carbon (C) and niobium (Nb) in the steel matrix augments the extent of the Lüders strain region during the tensile deformation of specimens. This phenomenon is accompanied by the effective modification of inclusions by the rare earths, which serves to mitigate stress concentrations at the interfaces between the inclusions and the surrounding matrix. This article systematically evaluates the modification mechanism of rare earth microalloying, which provides a basis for broadening the application of rare earth microalloying in microalloyed steel.

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Evolution of inclusions with cerium addition and effects of C-containing rare earth inclusions on the toughness of ultra-high-strength structural steel

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Assessment of Inclusion Removal Ability in Refining Slags Containing Ce2O3

Thermodynamics of the Formation of Non-Metallic Inclusions during the Deoxidation of GCr15 Bearing Steel

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Microstructure and Tensile Behavior of Nb-Containing Microalloyed Steels

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