Evolution of Magnetic Hyperthermia for Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of glial tumor, and despite many recent advances, its prognosis remains dismal. Hence, new therapeutic approaches for successful GBM treatment are urgently required. Magnetic hyperthermia-mediated cancer therapy (MHCT), which is based on heating the tumor tissues using magnetic nanoparticles on exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF), has shown promising results in the preclinical studies conducted so far. The aim of this Review is to evaluate the progression of MHCT for GBM treatment and to determine its effectiveness on the treatment either alone or in combination with other adjuvant therapies. The preclinical studies presented MHCT as an effective treatment module for the reduction of tumor cell growth and increase in survival of the tumor models used. Over the years, much research has been done to prove MHCT alone as the missing notch for successful GBM therapy. However, very few combinatorial studies have been reported. Some of the clinical studies carried out so far depicted that MHCT could be applied safely while possessing minimal side effects. Finally, we believe that, in the future, advancements in magnetic nanosystems might contribute toward establishing MHCT as a potential treatment tool for glioma therapy.

Synthesis of Magnetic Ferrite Nanoparticles with High Hyperthermia Performance via a Controlled Co-Precipitation Method

“…In particular, the hyperthermia capability of magnetic nanoparticles, by which they convert dissipated magnetic energy into thermal energy, enables cancer treatment. Such hyperthermia treatment depends on heating of the region affected by cancer, where the temperatures between 43 and 45 °C can be reached using magnetic nanoparticles under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field [5,6,7]. Hyperthermia can destroy the cancer cells with minimal influence on the healthy tissues, so it could potentially be used for localized, scarless, and economical treatments with few side effects.…”

“…Thus, it is necessary to enhance the heating ability of nanoparticles by controlling their size to obtain the required temperature rise during hyperthermia. The heating power generated per particle, the specific loss power (SLP), should be as high as possible in the injected material, and ensuring bio-safety is considered the most critical challenge to achieving desirable tumor destruction [7]. In superparamagnetic nanoparticles, the two mechanisms primarily responsible for magnetic relaxation in nanoparticles involve the physical rotation of the individual particles in the fluid (Brownian relaxation) and the collective rotation of the atomic magnetic moments within each particle (Néel relaxation) [1].…”

Feasibility and safety assessment of magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU)-mediated mild hyperthermia in pelvic targets evaluated using an in vivo porcine model

“…HT has been shown to inhibit the DNA repair, improve oxygenation, enhance the delivery of antineoplastic drugs [2], and induce anti-tumor immunity [3,4]. Several technologies have been developed to administer HT for cancer treatment [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In pelvic cancers, the addition of HT to RT can increase complete response rates (CRRs), partial response rates (PRRs) and improve overall survival [3,14,15].…”

Magnetic hyperthermia therapy in glioblastoma tumor on-a-Chip model

“…application of MHT and the use of different types of tumor cells, it has been difficult to evaluate which are the best parameters of this therapy in tumor treatment, as well as this constitutes a barrier for application of this modality as standard in treatment of GBM. (24) This can be observed in review of Gupta et al, (25) which describe different parameters of applications of MHT in models of tumor in vitro and characteristics of MNP used. In the study by Hanini et al, (26) an evaluation was conducted of MHT in glioma cells (U87-MG) treated with MNP of γ-Fe 2 O 3 coated with polyol, with diameter of 10nm, in concentration of 50μgFe/mL, submitted to AMF with frequency of oscillation of 700kHz and magnetic field of 289.67Oe, with time of application of 60 minutes, keeping the therapeutic temperature of 42°C and showing reduction cell viability of 50%.…”