Evolution of Microbiota–Host Associations: The Microbe’s Perspective

Obeng, Nancy; Bansept, Florence; Sieber, Michael; Traulsen, Arne; Schulenburg, Hinrich

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2021.02.005

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In the past, the analysis of host microbiomes has been mainly performed from a “host-centric” viewpoint, following the tradition of genetic model systems in the search of a host-genetic basis that explains microbiome composition. The inclusion of the “microbes perspective” has challenged this view and brings community ecological principles and stochastic processes into host microbiota analysis ( Obeng et al, 2021 ; Sieber et al, 2021 ). The host microbiota is not a constant trait, but shows context dependent plasticity and interindividual variability in time and space ( Carrier and Reitzel, 2017 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While major focus is clearly on functional aspects for the host, reliable transmission routes and acquisition fidelity would sustain microbial associations even in the absence of mutualistic interactions ( Leftwich et al, 2020 ; Sieber et al, 2021 ). For successful colonization and establishment as resident gut member, microbes must first encounter the host, which is increasingly more likely when one or both of the partners is mobile ( Obeng et al, 2021 ). While microbial motility can be essential for the establishment of symbioses in aquatic and marine environments ( Raina et al, 2019 ), terrestrial animals could directly alter the probability of encountering microbes by relocating themself.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa

Weinhold

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The gut microbiota of animals displays a high degree of plasticity with respect to environmental or dietary adaptations and is shaped by factors like social interactions, diet diversity or the local environment. But the contribution of these drivers varies across host taxa and our ability to explain microbiome variability within wild populations remains limited. Terrestrial animals have divergent mobility ranges and can either crawl, walk or fly, from a couple of centimeters toward thousands of kilometers. Animal movement has been little regarded in host microbiota frameworks, though it can directly influence major drivers of the host microbiota: (1) Aggregation movement can enhance social transmissions, (2) foraging movement can extend range of diet diversity, and (3) dispersal movement determines the local environment of a host. Here, I would like to outline how movement behaviors of different host taxa matter for microbial acquisition across mammals, birds as well as insects. Host movement can have contrasting effects and either reduce or enlarge spatial scale. Increased dispersal movement could dissolve local effects of sampling location, while aggregation could enhance inter-host transmissions and uniformity among social groups. Host movement can also extend the boundaries of microbial dispersal limitations and connect habitat patches across plant-pollinator networks, while the microbiota of wild populations could converge toward a uniform pattern when mobility is interrupted in captivity or laboratory settings. Hence, the implementation of host movement would be a valuable addition to the metacommunity concept, to comprehend microbial dispersal within and across trophic levels.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa

Weinhold

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…To improve human health it is increasingly recognized that it is important to understand the relationship between the body and our commensal microbes. 1,2 There are many diverse microorganisms within the human microbiome 3 which has multiple important functions and works to maintain homeostasis within the human host. [4][5][6][7][8] The oral cavity provides primary immune defense, acting to prevent pathogens from entering the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Composition and Function of the Human Salivary Microbiome After Heart Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Joyce¹,

Taylor²,

Moffat³

et al. 2021

TRRM

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Introduction: Interactions between our commensal microbes and immune system are well recognized but the impact of immunosuppression on this relationship is less well characterized, particularly outside of the gastrointestinal tract. In this pilot case-control study, we examined microbial composition and inferred function in the saliva of patients after heart transplantation. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 26 healthy adolescent and adult heart transplant patients and 27 healthy non-transplant controls. Bacterial DNA was isolated and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Measures of bacterial diversity and inferred function were calculated using the software packages DADA2, Phyloseq, QIIME, PICRUSt and STAMP. Results: Transplant patients were on average 51.6 ± 18.2 years of age and 8.6 ± 5.3 years post-transplant. Both alpha (p = 0.0009) and beta (p = 0.001) diversity differed significantly between the groups, and there were statistically significant changes (p < 0.01) in 101 individual functional pathways. Discussion: We conclude that the effects of chronic immunosuppression on bacterial composition and function in the oropharynx appear relatively subtle with no obvious ill effects on patient health. Full interpretation is limited by our lack of knowledge for many of the bacterial functional pathways.

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“…2017, Hurst 2017, Roughgarden 2017, Zeng et al 2017, Osmanovic et al 2018, Roughgarden et al 2018, van Vilet and Doebeli 2019, Roughgarden 2020, Bruijning et al . 2021, Obeng et al . 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holobiont Evolution: Population Theory for the Hologenome

Roughgarden

2020

Preprint

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This paper develops a mathematical theory for holobiont evolution that parallels the population-genetic theory of classical evolutionary biology. It presents theory for hologenomes having two haploid microbial strains and two diploid host alleles. The theory shows how selection on holobionts causes the joint evolution of microbial and host components of the hologenome. The theory also reveals the distribution of microbiome configurations across hosts as well as stable strategies for microbiome-host coadaptation. This paper first reviews previous research about how to define a theory of holobiont evolution, how to define a "hologenotype", and what the significance is of horizontal vs. vertical microbiome transmission. The paper then presents new research in stages: holobionts with two haploid microbial strains, holobionts with two diploid host alleles, holobionts having both two haploid microbial strains and two diploid host alleles combined, and finally, strategies of coadaptation. The mathematical theory here shows how selection on holobionts causes the joint evolution of the microbial and host components of the hologenome. It also reveals the distribution of microbiome configurations across hosts and stable strategies for microbiome-host coadaptation. Previous Research Definition of a Theory of Holobiont EvolutionThe classical population-genetic theory for evolution supplies an equation (or equations) that comprise a dynamical system, that is, equations that map gene or genotype frequencies at time t to the gene or genotype frequencies at time t + 1, or symbolically p t → p t+1 where p denotes a vector of gene or genotype frequencies. Therefore, a theory of holobiont evolution should do the same, that is, the theory should supply equations that map the current state of a population of holobionts at time t to the state at time t + 1, or symbolically, H t → H t+1 where H denotes the state of the holobiont population.

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Evolution of Microbiota–Host Associations: The Microbe’s Perspective

Cited by 42 publications

References 66 publications

Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa

Bowel Movement: Integrating Host Mobility and Microbial Transmission Across Host Taxa

Changes in the Composition and Function of the Human Salivary Microbiome After Heart Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Holobiont Evolution: Population Theory for the Hologenome

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