Evolution of microgrids with converter-interfaced generations: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract

Although microgrids facilitate the increased penetration of distributed generations (DGs) and improve the security of power supplies, they have some issues that need to be better understood and addressed before realising the full potential of microgrids. This paper presents a comprehensive list of challenges and opportunities supported by a literature review on the evolution of converter-based microgrids. The discussion in this paper presented with a view to establishing microgrids as distinct from the existing distribution systems. This is accomplished by, firstly, describing the challenges and benefits of using DG units in a distribution network and then those of microgrid ones. Also, the definitions, classifications and characteristics of microgrids are summarised to provide a sound basis for novice researchers to undertake ongoing research on microgrids.

Power Quality and Reliability Considerations of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation

“…The DG is a small-scale system that can cover by a diesel generator at the distribution busbars, but the conventional power plant can reach 500 MW which difficult to cover at failure or disturbance [10].…”

“…Renewable energy sources can be photovoltaic (PV) or wind generation, etc. These sources do not emit CO 2 i.e., so the renewable DGs are environmentally friendly [10].…”

“…The PV can operate as combined with one or more other electricity generators or more renewable energy sources. But, the insertion of DG units can also vary the voltage profile due to the intermittency of the power generated by the PV system, especially on cloudy days with a voltage collapse possibly leading to a complete interruption of power [10]. PV system is demonstrated in the form of a schematic diagram as shown in Fig.…”

Fuzzy-Based Distributed Cooperative Secondary Control with Stability Analysis for Microgrids

“…A microgrid (MG) (containing of small-scale developing generators, loads, batteries and a regulatory element) is defined as a regulated small-scale power network, which can be functioned in an islanded and/or grid-connected operation mode assisting the requirement of complementary power and/or preserve a usual service [1]. Like the traditional power system, MG systems also follow the hierarchical control strategy for standardization of the MG operation and overall function.…”

Distributed Secondary Control for State of Charge Balancing with Virtual Impedance Adjustment in a DC Microgrid

“…The conception of microgrid has been defined as a small controlled power system composed of generators, loads, an energy storage system, and control units. The microgird can be operated in two modes: grid-connected and island-connected to serve in the specified area to facilitate the supply of power to user's premises and improve the quality of power [4,5]. According to the form of electricity, the microgrid is mainly divided into AC and DC microgrids [6].…”