Evolution of N2O production at lean combustion condition in NH3/H2/air premixed swirling flames

Mashruk, Syed; Okafor, Ekenechukwu C.; Ковалева, М. А.; Alnasif, Ali; Pugh, D.; Hayakawa, Akihiro; Valera‐Medina, Agustin

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112299

Cited by 63 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A sampling of measured emission values in the literature − shows NO x emissions from ammonia combustion that are ∼200–5000 ppm, which is 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than current industry benchmarks for natural gas combustion or existing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations (typical values are 10–30 ppm). For example, lean premixed combustion technologies developed for low NO x combustion of hydrocarbons commonly achieve NO x emissions from 1 to 30 ppm, depending upon firing temperature …”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?

Gubbi,

Cole,

Emerson

et al. 2023

ACS Energy Lett.

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In addition to their lifecycle carbon emissions, another important issue with decarbonized energy pathways is their air quality, water, or land use implications. This paper considers the air quality issue for ammonia combustion. When directly combusting ammonia, reactions of its N atom with atmospheric oxygen lead to NO x emissions that are O(103) ppm, 2 orders of magnitude higher than EPA limits or the amount emitted by current natural-gas-fired technologies. In order to provide guidance to policymakers and technologists on what is fundamentally possible, this Perspective analyzes the fundamental minimum NO x emissions that can be produced from ammonia combustion. The analysis shows that it is possible to achieve quite low NO x emission levels of O(10) ppm, but these designs differ markedly from those used in today’s lean, premixed combustion systems.

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confidence: 86%

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?

Gubbi,

Cole,

Emerson

et al. 2023

ACS Energy Lett.

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“…Lean-rich combustion systems can achieve minimal NO levels while producing zero unburnt NH 3 emissions [113]. NO x emissions are significantly influenced by the mixture stoichiometry [143]. Moreover, with increasing X NH3 , the decrease in NO x emissions becomes more pronounced as the equivalence ratio increases [129].…”

Section: Structure Adjustment and Auxiliary Combustion Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Hu,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Energies

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Due to high greenhouse gas emissions, countries worldwide are stepping up their emission reduction efforts, and the global demand for new, carbon-free fuels is growing. Ammonia (NH3) fuels are popular due to their high production volume, high energy efficiency, ease of storage and transportation, and increased application in power equipment. However, their physical characteristics (e.g., unstable combustion, slow flame speed, and difficult ignition) limit their use in power equipment. Based on the structural properties of the power equipment, NH3 fuel application and emissions characteristics were analyzed in detail. Combustion of NH3 fuels and reduction measures for NOx emissions (spark plug ignition, compression ignition, and gas turbines) were analyzed from various aspects of operating conditions (e.g., mixed fuel, fuel-to-exhaust ratio, and equivalence ratio), structure and strategy (e.g., number of spark plugs, compression ratio (CR), fuel injection, and ignition mode), and auxiliary combustion techniques (e.g., preheating, humidification, exhaust gas recirculation, and secondary air supply). The performance of various NH3 fuel cell (FC) types was analyzed, with a focus on the maximum power achievable for different electrolyte systems. Additionally, the application and NOx emissions of indirect NH3 FCs were evaluated under flame and catalytic combustion conditions. The system efficiency of providing heat sources by burning pure NH3, anode tail gas, and NH3 decomposition gas was also compared. Based on a comprehensive literature review, the key factors influencing the performance and emissions of NH3-powered equipment were identified. The challenges and limitations of NH3-powered equipment were summarized, and potential strategies for improving efficiency and reducing emissions were proposed. These findings provide valuable insights for the future development and application of NH3 FCs.

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“…Greenhouse gases commonly considered in achieving agricultural climate neutrality with their global warming potentials relative to CO 2[31][32][33][34].…”

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confidence: 99%

Climate-Neutral Agriculture?

Reijnders

2023

Environments

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Regarding the achievement of worldwide agricultural climate neutrality, the focus is on a worldwide net-zero emission of cradle-to-farmgate greenhouse gases (GHGs), while, when appropriate, including the biogeophysical impacts of practices on the longwave radiation balance. Increasing soil carbon stocks and afforestation have been suggested as practices that could be currently (roughly) sufficient to achieve agricultural climate neutrality. It appears that in both cases the quantitative contributions to climate neutrality that can actually be delivered are very uncertain. There is also much uncertainty about the quantitative climate benefits with regard to forest conservation, changing feed composition to reduce enteric methane emission by ruminants, agroforestry and the use of nitrification and urease inhibitors to decrease the emission of N2O. There is a case for much future work aimed at reducing the present uncertainties. The replacing of animal husbandry-based protein production by plant-based protein production that can reduce agricultural GHG emissions by about 50%, is technically feasible but at variance with trends in worldwide food consumption. There is a case for a major effort to reverse these trends. Phasing out fossil fuel inputs, improving nitrogen-use efficiency, net-zero GHG-emission fertilizer inputs and reducing methane emissions by rice paddies can cut the current worldwide agricultural GHG emissions by about 22%.

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Evolution of N2O production at lean combustion condition in NH3/H2/air premixed swirling flames

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Climate-Neutral Agriculture?

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Evolution of N2O production at lean combustion condition in NH3/H2/air premixed swirling flames

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NOx Emissions Go?

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NOx Emissions Go?

Application of NH3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NOx Emissions

Climate-Neutral Agriculture?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?

Air Quality Implications of Using Ammonia as a Renewable Fuel: How Low Can NO_x Emissions Go?