Evolution of NIN-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis, Rice, and Lotus japonicus

Schauser, Leif; Wieloch, Wioletta; Stougaard, Jens

doi:10.1007/s00239-004-0144-2

Cited by 214 publications

(284 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Previously, some studies have reported that several gene families could arise through tandem duplication of chromosomal regions, resulting in a clustered occurrence of family members, or through segmental duplication, resulting in a scattered occurrence of family members (Schauser et al, 2005). We assume that the expansion of the cucumber MLO gene family mainly resulted from segmental duplications rather than tandem duplication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Zhou¹,

Jing²,

Shi³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Mildew resistance locus o (MLO)is a plant-specific seven-transmembrane (TM) gene family. Several studies have revealed that certain members of the MLO gene family mediate powdery mildew susceptibility in three plant species, namely, Arabidopsis, barley, and tomato. The sequenced cucumber genome provides an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive overview of the MLO gene family. Fourteen genes (designated CsMLO01 through CsMLO14) have been identified within the Cucumis sativus genome by using an in silico cloning method with the MLO amino acid sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana and rice as probes. Sequence alignment revealed that numerous features of the gene family, such as TMs, a calmodulin-binding domain, peptide domains I and II, and 30 important amino acid residues for MLO function, are well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of the MLO genes from cucumber and other plant species reveals seven different clades (I through VII). Three of these clades comprised MLO genes from A. thaliana, rice, maize, and cucumber, suggesting that these genes may have evolved after the divergence of monocots and dicots. In silico mapping showed that these CsMLOs were located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 without any obvious clustering, except CsMLO01. To our knowledge, this paper is the first comprehensive report on MLO genes in C. sativus. These findings will facilitate the functional characterization of the MLOs related to powdery mildew susceptibility and assist in the development of disease resistance in cucumber.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Zhou¹,

Jing²,

Shi³

2013

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Sequence comparison between NIN and Mid revealed a conserved RWP-RK motif, which contains an invariant RWP3RK sequence (Schauser et al 1999). More NINlike proteins were lately identified in pea (Borisov et al 2003), rice, and Arabidopsis (Schauser et al 2005). In total, 14 proteins in Arabidopsis and 16 in rice contain this conserved motif.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that these diploids always mate as minus indicates that minus is dominant to plus (Harris 1989), a phenomenon found to be controlled by the MID gene (Galloway and Goodenough 1985). MID encodes a transcription factor in the RWP-RK family that also includes several proteins in higher plants that are suggested to exert their function during nitrogen limitation (Schauser et al 1999(Schauser et al , 2005Borisov et al 2003).Previous studies revealed that MID is necessary and sufficient to convert wild-type plus gametes to mate as minus: mt 1 cells transformed with the MID gene differentiate as minus gametes (Ferris and Goodenough 1997), and mt À cells carrying loss-of-function MID mutations (mid-1 or mid-2) differentiate as plus gametes (Ferris and Goodenough 1997;Ferris et al 2002). In fact, although the mid mutants express plus flagellar agglutinins (Ferris and Goodenough 1997;Ferris et al 2002) and plus mating structures (Ferris and Goodenough 1997), they are unable to fuse with minus gametes due to the lack of FUS1, a gene restricted to the MT 1 locus and encoding a glycoprotein required for fusion (Ferris et al 1996;Misamore et al 2003); hence the phenotype of mid mutants is designated pseudo-plus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Gametogenesis in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii minus Mating Type Is Controlled by Two Genes, MID and MTD1

Lin

Goodenough

2007

Genetics

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In the unicellular algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the plus and minus mating types are controlled by a complex locus, MT, where the dominant MID gene in the MT À locus has been shown to be necessary for expression of minus-specific gamete-specific genes in response to nitrogen depletion. We report studies on MID expression patterns during gametogenesis and on a second gene unique to the MT À locus, MTD1. Vegetative cells express basal levels of MID. An early activation of MID transcription after nitrogen removal, and its sequence similarity to plant RWP-RK proteins involved in nitrogen-responsive processes, suggest that Mid conformation/activity may be nitrogen sensitive. A second stage of MID upregulation correlates with the acquisition of mating ability in minus gametes. Knockdown of MTD1 by RNAi in minus strains results in a failure to differentiate into gametes of either mating type after nitrogen deprivation. We propose that intermediate Mid levels are sufficient to activate MTD1 transcription and to repress plus gametespecific genes and that MTD1 expression in turn allows the threshold-level MID expression needed to turn on minus gamete-specific genes. We further propose that an MTD1-equivalent system, utilizing at least one gene product encoded in the MT 1 locus, is operant during plus gametogenesis.C HLAMYDOMONAS reinhardtii is a flagellated unicellular green alga that has two mating types, plus and minus, determined by the mating type (MT ) loci (MT 1 and MT À ). The center of this $1-Mb locus of recombinational suppression carries translocations and inversions and is called the rearranged (R) domain (Ferris and Goodenough 1994). Both housekeeping and sex-limited genes are found in this region (Ferris et al. 2002), similar to mating-type loci and sex chromosomes in other organisms (Graves 2006). Six unique regions (a-f ) are found within the R domain, three (ac) specific to MT 1 and three (d-f ) specific to MT À . Four genes have been identified in these regions: MTA1 (MT locus, region a) in a, FUS1 (fusion) in c, MTD1 (MT locus, region d) in d, and MID (minus dominance) in f (Ferris et al. 2002). The two MT À -specific genes are the focus of this study.In response to nitrogen starvation, haploid vegetative Chlamydomonas cells differentiate into gametes. Gametes of opposite mating type are able to agglutinate and fuse to form zygotes (Harris 1989). Occasionally, heterozygous mt 1 /mt À diploids form after mating, resume vegetative growth, and differentiate as gametes with N-starvation. The fact that these diploids always mate as minus indicates that minus is dominant to plus (Harris 1989), a phenomenon found to be controlled by the MID gene (Galloway and Goodenough 1985). MID encodes a transcription factor in the RWP-RK family that also includes several proteins in higher plants that are suggested to exert their function during nitrogen limitation (Schauser et al. 1999(Schauser et al. , 2005Borisov et al. 2003).Previous studies revealed that MID is necessary and sufficient to convert wild-type ...

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“…Indeed, only a few transcription factors (ANR1, NLP7, LBD37/38/39, SPL9 (refs 6-9)) implicated in the regulation of gene expression by nitrate have been identified, and most of these factors are encoded by genes that are themselves regulated by nitrate at the transcriptional level. One exception is NIN-Like Protein7 (NLP7), a putative transcription factor that is expressed constitutively and shares homology with NIN (for Nodule INception), an essential protein for nodulation in legumes 10 . Molecular and physiological analyses suggest that NLP7 is involved in plant responses to nitrate 7 .…”

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Nuclear retention of the transcription factor NLP7 orchestrates the early response to nitrate in plants

et al. 2013

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Nitrate is both an important nutrient and a signalling molecule for plants. Although several components of the nitrate signalling pathway have been identified, their hierarchical organization remains unclear. Here we show that the localization of NLP7, a member of the RWP-RK transcription factor family, is regulated by nitrate via a nuclear retention mechanism. Genome-wide analyses revealed that NLP7 binds and modulates a majority of known nitrate signalling and assimilation genes. Our findings indicate that plants, like fungi and mammals, rely on similar nuclear retention mechanisms to instantaneously respond to the availability of key nutrients.

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Evolution of NIN-Like Proteins in Arabidopsis, Rice, and Lotus japonicus

Cited by 214 publications

References 29 publications

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the MLO gene family in Cucumis sativus

Gametogenesis in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii minus Mating Type Is Controlled by Two Genes, MID and MTD1

Nuclear retention of the transcription factor NLP7 orchestrates the early response to nitrate in plants

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