Evolution of Overall Cotton Production and Its Determinants: Implications for Developing Countries Using Pakistan Case

Abstract

Managing the declining yield of non-food crops has opened new strategic challenges amidst global uncertainties. The COVID-19 scenario has increased awareness of natural lifestyle and eco-friendly products, largely dependent on non-food crop material. This strategic shift requires moving beyond traditional farm practices to improve agricultural production efficiency, and developing countries in particular have shown a consistent loss in their self-sufficiency of industrial crops despite being major exporters of non-food crop materials. However, existing studies analyze production efficiencies of non-food crops from general or theoretical aspects often by virtual estimates from breaking down the multiple factors of crop productivity. This study examined multiple factors of crop production to identify “which crop inputs have been inefficiently used overtime” by tracking efficiency changes and various input issues in overall cotton production from practical aspects, i.e., scaling non-constant returns of those multiple factors would allow for the violation of various situations. Accordingly, a stochastic frontier approach was employed to measure the production frontier and efficiency relationship using time-series data of Pakistan’s cotton production from 1971–2018—a specific non-food crop perspective from a top-ranked cotton-producing country that has recently been shifted towards being a non-exporter of cotton due to low yield. The coefficient of area, seed, and labor indicates the positive relationship with cotton production, while fertilizer, irrigation, electricity, and machinery are statistically negative. This implies that policymakers need priority-based strategies for the judicial use of synthetic fertilizers, irrigation, a subsidy policy, and technology adoption, which could significantly improve the efficiencies of cotton productivity from the same land resources. Being adaptable to other developing economies, the analysis would strategically facilitate designing and developing affordable technology-driven solutions and their customized extensions towards sustainable non-food crop production practices and Agri-Resources efficiencies.

Cotton Advanced Lines Assessment in the Southern Region of Kazakhstan

“…In other studies, the seed yield positively correlated with plant height, the number of bolls per plant, the number of sympodial branches on the plant, fiber length, and fiber strength (Rehman et al, 2020). The correlation between various traits also depends on external factors, and a positive relationship appeared between cotton productivity and the area used; however, when using chemical fertilizers, a strong inverse relationship of cotton yield surfaced (Muhammad et al, 2022). Note: r is the correlation coefficient (r < 0.3 -the correlation dependence between the traits is weak (with r = 0.3 -0.7medium, with r > 0.7 -strong); Y -yield; VP -vegetation period; WOB -the weight of one boll; FO -fiber output; LFlength of the fiber; M -micronaire; BLF -breaking load of the fiber; MFN -metric fiber number; CFM -coefficient of fiber maturity; BLF -breaking length of the fiber.…”

Influencing Factors on Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology in Developing Economy Countries

“…This makes it difficult for them to invest in the technology and upgrade their farming practices. In addition, the lack of government support and subsidies in some developing economies also contributes to the slow adoption of farming machinery (Arshad et al, 2022).…”

An Overvew of Breeding for Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton

“…The observation uses Pakistan's cotton manufacturing as a standard case to research production elements from far nearer input issues and performance courting attitude to symbolize the nonmeals crop in a developing united states perspective for the following motives (Arshad et al, 2022). First, Pakistan is ranked among the top 5 largest cotton producers, the seventh largest cloth producer worldwide.…”

“…Absolutely, Pakistan has not been exporting uncooked cotton scince 2010, it is the fourth united states that end up finishing stalk (USDA cotton outlook 2019). Second, the main reason for increasing the import of uncooked cotton is that Pakistan's cotton yield per hectare has had a step-by-step reducing trend over time, and the numbers are a few of the lowest within the world; even the nations which have a miles smaller geographic area have a higher yield according to hectare than Pakistan (Arshad et al, 2022). On average, the yield of cotton in Pakistan is 730 kg/ha with 10,671 million bales, that's 1.5-2% decrease than to the relaxation of the world, or even irrigated areas of the countries are lagging in phrases of lint per hectare from the rain-fed cotton-developing areas of the arena.…”