Evolution of Parental Caregiving

Bell, David C.

doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0503_3

Cited by 61 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…First, previous studies showed that women are more empathetic than men (Rueckert and Naybar 2008), which may allow them to be more responsive and sensitive to their child's needs. Second, mothers are biologically and evolutionarily better prepared than men to assume the caregiving role (Bell 2001). For instance, the increase in the production of several hormones, such as oxytocin, during the pregnancy and lactation periods facilitates caregiving, making mothers more sensitive to their child's needs (Dozier 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indirect Effect of the Mindful Parenting of Mothers and Fathers on the Child’s Perceived Well-Being Through the Child’s Attachment to Parents

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Indirect Effect of the Mindful Parenting of Mothers and Fathers on the Child’s Perceived Well-Being Through the Child’s Attachment to Parents

et al. 2016

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“…It is now generally agreed that one of the key evolutionary changes that emerged with the mammals was attachment and care provision for infants (Bell, 2001;Bowlby, 1969;Mikulincer & Shaver, 2004). In fact, many mammals (and especially humans) need, and are responsive to, signals of care and affection and have evolved attachment mechanisms that are sensitive and responsive to such signals (although some theorists distinguish warmth/affection from attachment/security/protection (MacDonald, 1992)).…”

Section: The Human Warmth Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach

Gilbert

Procter

2006

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

1,374

1,089

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Compassionate mind training (CMT) was developed for people with high shame and self-criticism, whose problems tend to be chronic, and who find self-warmth and self-acceptance difficult and/or frightening. This paper offers a short overview of the role of shame and self-criticism in psychological difficulties, the importance of considering different types of affect system (activating versus soothing) and the theory and therapy process of CMT. The paper explores patient acceptability, understanding, abilities to utilize and practice compassion focused processes and the effectiveness of CMT from an uncontrolled trial. Six patients attending a cognitive-behavioural-based day centre for chronic difficulties completed 12 two-hour sessions in compassionate mind training. They were advised that this was part of a research programme to look at the process and effectiveness of CMT and to become active collaborators, advising the researchers on what was helpful and what was not. Results showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, self-criticism, shame, inferiority and submissive behaviour. There was also a significant increase in the participants' ability to be self-soothing and focus on feelings of warmth and reassurance for the self. Compassionate mind training may be a useful addition for some patients with chronic difficulties, especially those from traumatic backgrounds, who may lack a sense of inner warmth or abilities to be self-soothing.

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“…Persons who are infected by HIV infection have a need to be, and are said to be, aware of the ethical ramifications of exposing their sex partners and to assume responsibility to protect their partners (Marks et al, 1999). The motivation to meet another's needs has been shown to have a neurobiological basis as a support for partner protection in close relationships (Bell, 2001;Kunce & Shaver, 1994;Panksepp, 1998). According to partner protection theory, having a HIV positive partner will predict lower sex risks in a relationship because the HIV positive person will want to protect the partner.…”

Section: Partner Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The HIV transmission gradient: relationship patterns of protection

et al. 2006

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We describe a gradient of potential HIV transmission from HIV-infected persons to their partners and thence to uninfected populations. The effect of this newly discovered transmission gradient is to limit the spread of HIV. We roughly estimate a 2% long-term transmission probability for sex and 14% for drug injection for two-step transmission. Then we test theories to account for this pattern on a network sample of 267 inner city drug users and nonusers. Although HIV positive persons engaged in a high level of risk with one another, they engaged in less risk with HIV negative partners, and these partners engaged in even lower levels of risk with other HIV negative persons. Analyses suggest that the primary motivation for sexual risk reduction is partner protection, while emotional closeness is the major barrier. Hypotheses accounting for risk in terms of self protection, social norms, gender power, and drug use were weakly supported or unsupported.

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Evolution of Parental Caregiving

Cited by 61 publications

References 58 publications

The Indirect Effect of the Mindful Parenting of Mothers and Fathers on the Child’s Perceived Well-Being Through the Child’s Attachment to Parents

The Indirect Effect of the Mindful Parenting of Mothers and Fathers on the Child’s Perceived Well-Being Through the Child’s Attachment to Parents

Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self‐criticism: overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach

The HIV transmission gradient: relationship patterns of protection

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