Evolution of physico-chemical properties of Dicranopteris linearis-derived activated carbon under various physical activation atmospheres

Abstract

This work emphasizes the effect of the physical activation using CO2 and steam agents on the physicochemical properties of activated carbon produced from Dicranopteris linearis (D. linearis), a fern species widely distributed across tropic and subtropic ecoregions. The D. linearis-derived chars produced under pyrolysis at 400 °C for 1 h were activated in various CO2-steam proportions. As revealed by the IR and Raman spectra, the structure of the activated chars was heavily dependent on the relative proportion of CO2 and steam. The total specific surface area (SSA) of the activated chars proportionally increased with the increase in steam proportion and was comparable to the values of commercial activated char products. Specifically, the activation under CO2− and steam-saturated conditions has correspondingly resulted in SSA increasing from 89 to 653 m2g−1 and from 89 to 1015 m2g−1. Steam also enhanced the development of mesoporous structures of the D. linearis-derived char products, thereby extending their potential applications, particularly for industries that require high rigidity in the product such as pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin-Derived Porous Carbons through Ammonia Activation: Activation Mechanism and Charge Storage Mechanism

“…Compared with chemical activation, physical activation is less corrosive to equipment and less polluting to the environment, making it more suitable for practical industrial production. 18 Physical activation usually uses CO 2 and water steam as activation agents, 19 and microporous activated carbons with specific surface areas ranging from 1000 m 2 g −1 to 2000 m 2 g −1 could be produced by physical activation. 20 Ammonia activation is an emerging physical activation method, which could enable the formation of a porous structure and nitrogen doping in porous carbon materials simultaneously.…”

“…However, due to the corrosive properties of these chemical activation agents, they corrode equipment and cannot be recovered after activation. Compared with chemical activation, physical activation is less corrosive to equipment and less polluting to the environment, making it more suitable for practical industrial production . Physical activation usually uses CO 2 and water steam as activation agents, and microporous activated carbons with specific surface areas ranging from 1000 m 2 g –1 to 2000 m 2 g –1 could be produced by physical activation .…”

Adsorption of heavy metal onto biomass-derived activated carbon: review

“… 126 The physical activation method of CO 2 and steam agent to activate were investigated. 127 The activation under the condition of CO 2 and steam saturation correspondingly increases the specific surface area from 89 to 653 m 2 g −1 and from 89 to 1015 m 2 g −1 , respectively. Steam also promotes the generation of mesoporous structures of carbon products, thus expanding their potential applications.…”

Effect of synthesis conditions on the porous texture of activated carbons obtained from Tara Rubber by FeCl3 activation

“…preceded by carbonisation of the raw material, and involves activation of the raw material or char with an oxidising gas at a high temperature, i.e. around 800–1100 °C 23 , 24 . Carbon dioxide and steam, possibly air (in this case a lower activation temperature is used), are predominantly used as an oxidising gas 23 – 25 .…”