Evolution of physicochemical properties of quick lime at converter-smelting temperature

Zhang, Mengxu; Li, Jianli; Xue, Zhengliang; Zhu, Renlin; Mou, Qiqiang; Zhu, Hangyu

doi:10.1515/htmp-2021-0008

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The reactions are shown in Equation (4)–(6). [ 12–16 ]

\text{CaO+} \left(\right. \text{FeO} \left.\right) \rightarrow \text{(CaO} \cdot \text{FeO)}

$$\text{CaO+} \left(\right.

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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In 2022, China produced 1.018 billion tons of crude steel, with steel slag accounting for 10–15% of the output. The presence of 10–20% f‐CaO in steel slag causes volume instability, hindering comprehensive utilization. The generation of f‐CaO is closely associated with the dissolution of quicklime during the converter slag‐forming procedure. This study focuses on investigating the evolution of the lime–slag interface and the variations in lime dissolution rate under different slag conditions using the electron probe microanalyzer and ImageJ. The results reveal that the formation of the CaO–FeO solid solution, (Ca, Mg, Fe) olivine, and low‐melting point (Ca, Mg) olivine at 1400 °C. As the FeO content decreases, a dense and high‐melting‐point 2CaO·SiO2 layer is formed. A maximum thickness of the 2CaO·SiO2 layer is precipitated at a dissolution time of 180 s. Additionally, the average dissolution rate of lime in different slags shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease. Among the slag studied, the highest average dissolution rate is in slag A3 at 2.24 × 10−6 m s−1, while the lowest rate is in slag A4 at 1.49 × 10−6 m s−1. The presence of the 2CaO·SiO2 layer hinders the mass transfer, thereby further inhibiting the reaction.

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“…The reactions are shown in Equation (4)–(6). [ 12–16 ]

\text{CaO+} \left(\right. \text{FeO} \left.\right) \rightarrow \text{(CaO} \cdot \text{FeO)}

$$\text{CaO+} \left(\right.

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reaction process is shown in Equation (7). [ 12–16 ]

\text{(3CaO} \cdot \text{MgO} \cdot \left(\text{2SiO}\right)_{2} \text{)+CaO} \rightarrow \text{2(2CaO} \cdot \left(\text{SiO}\right)_{2} \text{)+(MgO)}

…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2023

steel research int.

Self Cite

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“…However, the slag composition will be calculated based on the amount of flux melted. Many scholars have studied the dissolution behavior of lime in the converter melt pool [25][26][27][28]. Figure 4 shows the schematic diagram of the lime-melting process.…”

Section: Calculation Of Steel Slag Quantitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mechanistic Model Based on Statistics for the Prediction of a Converter’s End-Point Molten Steel Temperature

et al. 2023

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With the high efficiency and automation of converter smelting, it is becoming increasingly important to predict and control the endpoint temperature of the converter. Based on the heat balance, a model for predicting the molten pool temperature in a converter was established. Moreover, the statistical method of multiple linear regression was used to calculate the converter heat loss coefficient, greatly improving the prediction accuracy of the mechanistic model. Using the model, the oxidation process for each element in the molten pool, the melting processes of scrap, and the flux were also calculated. The model could better approximate the actual smelting process. Data from a 130 t converter were collected to validate the model. When the error ranges were limited to ±20 and ±15 °C, the model hit rates were 96 and 86.7%, respectively.

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“…Pornchai et al proposed that the optimum condition for the calcination of eggshells is a treatment at 800°C for 1 h [22]. Higher calcination temperatures and prolonged calcination times decrease the surface area, pore size, and reactivities of the calcium oxide product [23][24][25][26]. However, research involving eggshell calcination has normally been conducted in lab-scale furnace with a small amount (0.5-10 g) of eggshells being used for each batch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge, no studies involving the calcination of eggshells in an industrial-scale furnace have been reported before. The heating process of the furnace plays a significant role, since major rearrangements of the raw material microstructure occur which have a direct impact on the properties of the final product [24]. Thus, up-scaling to an industrial scale is crucial for assessing the optimum operating conditions, as it is similar to a commercial scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Bio-Calcium Oxide Derived from Hatchery Eggshell Waste Using an Industrial-Scale Car Bottom Furnace

Putkham¹,

Chuakham²,

Chaiyachet³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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The valorization of eggshell waste as bio-calcium oxide is crucial for pollution prevention and supporting sustainable development. There are several reports on the thermal conversion of eggshell waste to calcium oxide for the partial or complete substitution of natural lime applications. However, this paper reports the thermal decomposition of large amounts of hatchery eggshell waste on an industrial-scale car bottom furnace for the first time. The hatchery eggshell waste was sundried and placed into five stacked trays in the car bottom furnace. The calcination of the eggshell waste was conducted at 900°C for 3 and 4 h under an atmosphere of air. Both the physical and chemical properties of the eggshell samples and the bio-quicklime products were carefully examined by TGA, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and XRF. The results demonstrate that the purity of calcium oxide in the quicklime products increased from 79% to 87% upon increasing the calcination time from 3 to 4 h. However, the color of the calcined eggshell samples at the surface of the pile was white while the color of the product beneath the surface was black or dark gray. The purity of the calcium oxide of both the black and white calcined samples was 76.4% and 91.5%, respectively. These results indicate the limited efficacy of the car bottom furnace for thermal decomposition of the large amount of eggshell waste to calcium oxide. Additionally, the production cost of bio-calcium oxide is approximately twice the cost of industrial grade lime. For further industrial applications, the furnace should contain the mixing equipment for improving the thermal decomposition of the large pile of eggshell waste. Furthermore, the oil burner system may be used in order to reduce fuel costs.

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Evolution of physicochemical properties of quick lime at converter-smelting temperature

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

A Mechanistic Model Based on Statistics for the Prediction of a Converter’s End-Point Molten Steel Temperature

Production of Bio-Calcium Oxide Derived from Hatchery Eggshell Waste Using an Industrial-Scale Car Bottom Furnace

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Evolution of physicochemical properties of quick lime at converter-smelting temperature

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO2–FetO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO2–FetO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

A Mechanistic Model Based on Statistics for the Prediction of a Converter’s End-Point Molten Steel Temperature

Production of Bio-Calcium Oxide Derived from Hatchery Eggshell Waste Using an Industrial-Scale Car Bottom Furnace

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Product

Resources

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Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times

Evolution of Interface Characteristic between Quicklime and CaO–SiO₂–Fe_tO–MgO Melt during Slag‐Forming Procedure in Converter under Different Times