Evolution of pseudo-arrhenotoky

Sabelis, Maurice W.; Nagelkerke, C.J.

doi:10.1007/bf01196192

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…On both prey, sex ratio of the progeny of the mites reared at the diVerent temperatures was higher than 75% [females/(females + males)] at 20, 25 and 30°C, but only 57.5% on T. evansi at 15°C, suggesting a possible disturbance of the pseudo-arrhenotoky process of predators reared at relatively low temperature and fed an apparently unfavorable prey, resulting in the production of a proportionally higher number of sons (Sabelis and Nagelkerke 1988). Takahashi and Chant (1994) and Fraga (1996) reported sex ratios of about 80% for this predator.…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus fragariae on Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) at five temperatures

et al. 2007

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Tetranychus evansi Baker and Pritchard and Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) are important pests of Solanaceae in many countries. Several studies have demonstrated that T. urticae is an acceptable prey to many predatory mites, although the suitability of this prey depends on the host plant. T. evansi, has been shown to be an unfavorable prey to most predatory mites that have been tested against it. The predator Phytoseiulus fragariae Denmark and Schicha (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been found in association with the two species in Brazil. The objective of this work was to compare biological parameters of P. fragariae on T. evansi and on T. urticae as prey. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C. At all temperatures, survivorship was lower on T. evansi than on T. urticae. No predator reached adulthood at 10 degrees C on the former species; even on the latter species, only about 36% of the predators reached adulthood at 10 degrees C. For both prey, in general, duration of each life stage was shorter, total fecundity was lower and intrinsic rate of population increase (r(m)) was higher with increasing temperatures. The slower rate of development of P. fragariae on T. evansi resulted in a slightly higher thermal requirement (103.9 degree-days) on that prey than on T. urticae (97.1 degree-days). The values of net reproduction rate (R (0)), intrinsic rate of increase (r(m)) and finite rate of increase (lambda) were significantly higher on T. urticae, indicating faster population increase of the predator on this prey species. The highest value of r(m) of the predator was 0.154 and 0.337 female per female per day on T. evansi and on T. urticae, respectively. The results suggested that P. fragariae cannot be considered a good predator of T. evansi.

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Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus fragariae on Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) at five temperatures

et al. 2007

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“…In many species, however, adults do not disperse from their natal patch and mate among siblings (Masters et al, 1994;Avilés & Gelsey, 1998;Bilde et al, 2005;de Luca & Cocroft, 2008). Females in these resident mating aggregations adjust the sex ratio of their progeny to reduce local mate competition (Sabelis & Nagelkerke, 1988;Masters et al, 1994;Nagelkerke & Sabelis, 1998;West et al, 2005). The evolutionary transition between mating systems characterized by pre-reproductive adult dispersal or resident inbred mating (Avilés & Gelsey, 1998;Bilde et al, 2005;Agnarsson et al, 2006) possibly illustrates the cost of adult dispersal in terms of female mating failure.…”

Section: Female Flightlessness and Constrained Mating Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female mating failures in insects

Rhainds¹

2010

Entomologia Exp Applicata

147

175

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Empirical and experimental studies reporting the probability that some females remain unmated in field populations of insects (defined herein as mating failures) are reviewed in more than 100 species. The techniques used to quantify mating failures in the field are summarized, as well as factors that influence the probability that females mate during their lifetime. The existing empirical data provide partial support for hypotheses generated by theoretical models, although the trends observed in field populations are far more diverse and complex than predictions derived from ecological theory, e.g., the effect of population density on female mating success at small and large spatial scales is opposite. Mating success of females increases with the ratio of males in the population, but the relation between emergence time, sex ratio, and female mating success is variable. Females have evolved a broad range of physiological and behavioural adaptations to reduce mating failures, and exhibit a flexible context‐dependent response to constraints limiting mating success. The large number of studies in Lepidoptera suggests a higher mating success in butterflies than moths. Examples of high rates of mating failure include species with gynogenous reproduction, long range migration, pre‐reproductive maturation, male‐biased sex ratio, acquisition of resources essential for reproduction, and female flightlessness. Species with sessile females that mate and oviposit near their emergence site provide model systems to investigate the causes and demographic consequences of female mating failure.

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“…Under these conditions, sex allocation theory predicts a 1:1 sex ratio. Experiments on different mite species confirm this prediction (Sabelis 1985, Sabelis and Nagelkerke 1988, Nagelkerke and Sabelis 1998, Toyoshima and Amano 1998). Therefore, we assumed a 1:1 sex ratio at low prey densities.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Life‐history trade‐off in two predator species sharing the same prey: a study on cassava‐inhabiting mites

Magalhães

Brommer²,

Silva³

et al. 2003

Oikos

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In cassava fields, two species of predatory mites, Typhlodromalus aripo and T. manihoti, co‐occur at the plant level and feed on Mononychellus tanajoa, a herbivorous mite. The two predator species are spatially segregated within the plant: T. manihoti dwells on the middle leaves, while T. aripo occurs in the apices of the plant during the day and moves to the first leaves below the apex at night. To monitor the prey densities experienced by the two predator species in their micro‐environment, we assessed prey and predator populations in apices and on the leaves of cassava plants in the field. Prey densities peaked from November to January and reached the lowest levels in July. They were higher on leaves than in the apices. To test whether the life histories of the two predator species are tuned to the prey density they experience, we measured age‐specific fecundity and survival of the two predators under three prey density regimes (1 prey female/72 h, 1 prey female/24 h and above the predators level of satiation). T. manihoti had a higher growth rate than T. aripo at high prey densities, mainly due to its higher fecundity. T. aripo had a higher growth rate at low prey density regimes, due to its late fecundity and survival. Thus, each of the two species perform better under the prey density that characterizes their micro‐habitat within the plant.

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Evolution of pseudo-arrhenotoky

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus fragariae on Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) at five temperatures

Life history of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus fragariae on Tetranychus evansi and Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae) at five temperatures

Female mating failures in insects

Life‐history trade‐off in two predator species sharing the same prey: a study on cassava‐inhabiting mites

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