Evolution of root apical meristem structures in vascular plants: plasmodesmatal networks

Imaichi, Ryoko; Moritoki, Nobuko; Solvang, Hiroko Kato

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1153

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…These data suggested that meristem organisation is strikingly similar between RAMs and SAMs and that they share common developmental mechanisms for dichotomous branching. Similarity in plasmodesmatal density also suggested that basic cellular characteristics are shared between RAMs and SAMs in L. clavatum (Imaichi & Hiratsuka, 2007; Imaichi et al ., 2018). It has been proposed that lycophyte roots may have evolved from the rooting axes of Early Devonian Drepanophycales or zosterophylls (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopodium root meristem dynamics supports homology between shoots and roots in lycophytes

et al. 2020

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Roots have played a pivotal role in the conquest of land by vascular plants, yet their origin has remained enigmatic. Palaeobotanical evidence suggests that roots may have originated from subterranean shoots in some lycophyte species. If this hypothesis is correct, it would follow that the roots and shoots of extant lycophytes share fundamental developmental mechanisms. We tracked meristem dynamics in root and shoot apices of Lycopodium clavatum using a thymidine analogue and expression patterns of histone H4, respectively. Then we compared the meristem dynamics of roots and shoots to identify developmental similarities. Both apical meristems contained a quiescent tissue characterised by a low frequency of cell division. Actively dividing cells appeared in the quiescent tissue during dichotomous branching of both roots and shoots. As a result, the parental meristem divides into two daughter meristems, which give rise to new root or shoot apices. These striking similarities in meristem dynamics provide new neobotanical data that support the shoot-origin hypothesis of lycophyte roots. Although Lycopodium roots may have originated from subterranean shoots of Devonian lycophytes, these shoots may have changed into root-bearing axes in other extant lycophyte lineages.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lycopodium root meristem dynamics supports homology between shoots and roots in lycophytes

et al. 2020

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“…Upon entering the EDZ, we detected a clear concentric organization of the cell layer and each one of these displayed specific traits, which allows the distinction from one another (Figure 7C, right). The diverse set of features analyzed in the EDZ of Ceratopteris roots seems to be conserved with other vascular plants [32,41,56,68,[72][73][74][75][76][77]. This could imply that some cell lineages already existed in the common ancestor of euphyllophytes and suggests the conservation of genetic networks involved in their specification, to some extent, between ferns and seed plants.…”

Section: Ceratopteris Root Cell Layers Exhibit the Conservation Of Specific Traitsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Even though this type of meristem may not fit into the idea of a multicellular meristem, it is because this current concept is based on angiosperms. More evidence about meristem dynamics has been obtained by exploring plant diversity and understanding how this essential part of the plant is functioning in extant lineages [65][66][67][68]. Additionally, the meristem organization in Ceratopteris roots is highly conserved in roots of different fern species (Figure 1B, Table S1).…”

Section: Ceratopteris Root Cell Layers Exhibit the Conservation Of Specific Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Cell Cycle Activity of the Root Apical Meristem in the Fern Ceratopteris richardii

Aragón-Raygoza¹,

Vasco

Blilou

et al. 2020

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Ferns are a representative clade in plant evolution although underestimated in the genomic era. Ceratopteris richardii is an emergent model for developmental processes in ferns, yet a complete scheme of the different growth stages is necessary. Here, we present a developmental analysis, at the tissue and cellular levels, of the first shoot-borne root of Ceratopteris. We followed early stages and emergence of the root meristem in sporelings. While assessing root growth, the first shoot-borne root ceases its elongation between the emergence of the fifth and sixth roots, suggesting Ceratopteris roots follow a determinate developmental program. We report cell division frequencies in the stem cell niche after detecting labeled nuclei in the root apical cell (RAC) and derivatives after 8 h of exposure. These results demonstrate the RAC has a continuous mitotic activity during root development. Detection of cell cycle activity in the RAC at early times suggests this cell acts as a non-quiescent organizing center. Overall, our results provide a framework to study root function and development in ferns and to better understand the evolutionary history of this organ.

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“…The symplastic movement of SHR is conserved among several angiosperms and even expanded to other cell layers in the root; nevertheless, the assessment of CriSHR protein moving through Ceratopteris root tissues would be interesting since a high number of plasmodesma connections have been detected in the root meristems of ferns. In addition, the conservation of CriSCR-CriSHR interaction needs to be tested in order to understand if their physical interaction has been preserve during evolution (Cui et al, 2007;Henry et al, 2017;Imaichi et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2019;Dong et al, 2021;Kajala et al, 2021). In general, the conservation of all these genes, i.e., SCR, SHR, and RBR, and their expression in the root tip, may indicate a similar role of this whole gene circuit as observed in seed plants.…”

Section: The Evolution Of the Cycd-rbr-scr-shr Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional analysis of Ceratopteris richardii young sporophyte reveals conservation of stem cell factors in the root apical meristem

2022

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Gene expression in roots has been assessed in different plant species in studies ranging from complete organs to specific cell layers, and more recently at the single cell level. While certain genes or functional categories are expressed in the root of all or most plant species, lineage-specific genes have also been discovered. An increasing amount of transcriptomic data is available for angiosperms, while a limited amount of data is available for ferns, and few studies have focused on fern roots. Here, we present a de novo transcriptome assembly from three different parts of the Ceratopteris richardii young sporophyte. Differential gene expression analysis of the root tip transcriptional program showed an enrichment of functional categories related to histogenesis and cell division, indicating an active apical meristem. Analysis of a diverse set of orthologous genes revealed conserved expression in the root meristem, suggesting a preserved role for different developmental roles in this tissue, including stem cell maintenance. The reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories for ground tissue specification genes suggests a high degree of conservation in vascular plants, but not for genes involved in root cap development, showing that certain genes are absent in Ceratopteris or have intricate evolutionary paths difficult to track. Overall, our results suggest different processes of conservation and divergence of genes involved in root development.

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Evolution of root apical meristem structures in vascular plants: plasmodesmatal networks

Cited by 17 publications

References 64 publications

Lycopodium root meristem dynamics supports homology between shoots and roots in lycophytes

Lycopodium root meristem dynamics supports homology between shoots and roots in lycophytes

Development and Cell Cycle Activity of the Root Apical Meristem in the Fern Ceratopteris richardii

Transcriptional analysis of Ceratopteris richardii young sporophyte reveals conservation of stem cell factors in the root apical meristem

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