Evolution of salt diapir and karst morphology during the last glacial cycle: Effects of sea-level oscillation, diapir and regional uplift, and erosion (Persian Gulf, Iran)

Bruthans, Jiří; Filippi, Michal; Zare, Mohammad; Churáčková, Zdenka; Asadi, Naser; Fuchs, Markus; Adamović, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.026

Cited by 32 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Jahani et al (2007) propose an evolutionary morphologic classification for the salt diapirs in the Eastern Fars Province of the Zagros Mountains: (1) circular domes above buried salt; (2) high-relief salt extrusions; (3) salt extrusions with salt glaciers and a fountain or summit dome above the feeding vent; (4) empty craters with insoluble residues. Diapiric rise, typically with marked spatial gradients, may be recorded by uplifted, upwarped and tilted geomorphic and stratigraphic markers such as fluvial terraces (Kirkham et al, 2002;Jochems and Pederson, 2015;Lucha et al, 2008aLucha et al, , b, 2012Gutiérrez et al, 2015), marine terraces (Bruthans et al, 2010) or sea-floor deposits (Lee et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…uplift and subsidence), including the deflection (e.g., Holford et al, 2007;Gutiérrez and Lizaga, 2016), blockage (e.g., Martin and Bouma, 1981;Colman, 1983;Gutiérrez and Lizaga, 2016) or obliteration of channels (Lee et al, 1996). Rising diapirs may also control the development of multilevel cave passages that form by salt dissolution associated with a relatively stationary water table (Frumkin, 1996;Bruthans et al, 2010). Diapiric activity may also increase the relief and gradient of slopes, favouring the development of subaerial and subaquacueous landslides (e.g., Martin and Bouma, 1981;Popenoe et al, 1993;Tripsanas et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of Quaternary diapiric activity enhanced by fluvial incision. Navarrés salt wall and graben system, SE Spain

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of Quaternary diapiric activity enhanced by fluvial incision. Navarrés salt wall and graben system, SE Spain

et al. 2019

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“…In some Iranian salt diapirs speleogenesis appears to have been active over the last ca. 50 kyrs, but all caves still accessible today have ages of less than 6 ka (Bruthans et al, 2010).…”

Section: Holocene Climate Based On Cave Morphology and Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we present geomorphic evidence from salt caves in the Cordillera de la Sal of variations in stream discharge in small watersheds, and thus rainfall events, during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The salt caves in this areaone of the few locations in the world with caves developed in halite (Frumkin et al, 1991: Frumkin, 1998Bosák et al, 1999;Bruthans et al, 2010) are unique archives of paleo-environmental and paleoclimatic changes. We explored the effects of different climate regimes on landscape evolution, as recorded by the salt cave systems of the Cordillera de la Sal during the Holocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene evolution of halite caves in the Cordillera de la Sal (Central Atacama, Chile) in different climate conditions

et al. 2020

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Geomorphological studies have been carried out in rapidly evolving salt caves related to small watersheds in the San Pedro de Atacama area, Chile. Radiocarbon ages of bones and wood from cave deposits, combined with the presence of large salt caves, geomorphological and sedimentological observations, and the results of micrometer measurements outside and in some of the caves, suggest a period of speleogenesis in the Cordillera de la Sal during the onset of the Holocene, during which the large halite cave systems developed, followed by an early Holocene hyperarid period. Most smaller caves (i.e. Lechuza del Campanario) most probably formed at the start of the wetter mid-Holocene period (5-4.4 ka), when precipitation was never intense enough to entrain large amounts of sediments, but enough to trigger cave development. A diamicton in Lechuza del Campanario Cave radiocarbon dated at ca. 4.4 ka shows that at least one high intensity rainfall event occurred in this recharge basin during the mid-Holocene wet interval. A wet period with lower intensity rainfall events followed between 4.0 and 2.5 ka, causing the 4.4 kyrs old diamicton in Lechuza del Campanario Cave to be entrenched, and the alluvial fan at the downstream end of Palacio del Sal Cave to be covered with windborne sediments dated by OSL at around 3.6 ka. At ca. 2 ka there was a high-intensity rainfall event documented by the age of a twig stuck in the ceiling of the Palacio del Sal Cave, followed by a period with lower intensity rain events until ca. 1.3 ka, when another intense flood produced a mudflow that deposited a second diamicton in Lechuza del Campanario Cave. From then on clustering of radiocarbon ages for wood and bone recovered from caves indicates increased rainfall intensity in the period ca. 0.9-0.5 ka, followed by no registered events until a minor flood at ca. 0.13 ka. The four-centuries long wetter time interval (0.9-0.5 ka), corresponding to the Medieval Climate Anomaly, has been an archaeologically important period in the Atacama Desert (Tiwanaku culture).The observations and a detailed review of paleoclimate literature from this key area have allowed the development of a landscape evolution model related to changing climate conditions during the Late Holocene.

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“…Bruthans et al (2009) studied surficial deposits of 11 Iranian salt diapirs, and characterized that the source material, diapir relief, climatic conditions, and vegetation cover were the main factors affecting the development and erosion of surficial deposits. Evolution of salt diapir and karst morphology of the coastal salt diapir of Namakdan, southern Iran, were evaluated based on known sea-level oscillations, radiometric dating, and geological evidence (Bruthans et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic techni-ques to identify the impact of a salt

Alemansour¹,

Zareị²

2019

JCKS

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More than 120 exposed salt diapirs in southern Iran are connected to the adjacent aquifers and likely constitute the main sources of groundwater salinization in the region. Located in southern Iran, the Korsia salt diapir is surrounded by alluvial and karst groundwater aquifers. To investigate the impact of the salt body of Korsia on the groundwater quality of surrounding aquifers, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and dissolved calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, bromide, and sulfate concentrations were measured at 41 sampling points, including 32 exploitation wells, 7 springs and 2 surface water stations. Additionally, oxygen-18 and deuterium isotopes were analyzed at 7 sampling points to investigate the source of the salinity in the area. Our hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, and isotopic evaluations show that the Korsia diapir deteriorates groundwater quality of the eastern karst and southern alluvial aquifers through infiltration of a spring's brine into limestone, and flow of the surface brine originated from the diapir, respectively. A karst aquifer west of the diapir is not influenced by the diapir brine because its hydraulic connectivity is interrupted by an impermeable geological formation. Construction of salt basins or diversion of brine is suggested to increase water quality of the surrounding aquifers. These procedures can be applied not only in the Korsia diapir, but also in tens of diapirs of southern Iran as remediation methods to improve water quality of their adjacent aquifers in this arid region.

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Evolution of salt diapir and karst morphology during the last glacial cycle: Effects of sea-level oscillation, diapir and regional uplift, and erosion (Persian Gulf, Iran)

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of Quaternary diapiric activity enhanced by fluvial incision. Navarrés salt wall and graben system, SE Spain

Geomorphic and stratigraphic evidence of Quaternary diapiric activity enhanced by fluvial incision. Navarrés salt wall and graben system, SE Spain

Holocene evolution of halite caves in the Cordillera de la Sal (Central Atacama, Chile) in different climate conditions

Combined use of hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotopic techni-ques to identify the impact of a salt

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