Evolution of the 2011 Mt. Etna ash and SO2 lava fountain episodes using SEVIRI data and VPR retrieval approach

Guerrieri, Lorenzo; Merucci, Luca; Corradini, Stefano; Pugnaghi, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.12.016

Cited by 28 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We did not consider the 19 September 2011 and 08 October 2011 episodes due to cloudy weather. Moreover, for the LF of 12 January 2011, we used the plume height reported in Calvari et al (2011); for the LF of 23 October 2011, we considered the plume height measured by SEVIRI and reported in Guerrieri et al (2015); for the LF of 23 November 2013, we considered the height inferred by Corradini et al (2016) by using a multi-sensor approach considering different satellite instruments such as Meteosat, MODIS and SEVIRI, and finally for the four events of the VOR of 3-5 December 2015, we used the plume heights reported in Vulpiani et al (2016), obtained by three radar systems (at C and X band) operated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection ( Table 4). The relationship between H F and H P has some limitations.…”

Section: Lava Fountain Average Height Vs Plume Maximum Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paroxysmal Explosions, Lava Fountains and Ash Plumes at Etna Volcano: Eruptive Processes and Hazard Implications

et al. 2018

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Lava fountains have a major impact on the local population since they cause ash plumes that spread several kilometers above and hundreds of kilometers away from the crater. Ash fallout is responsible for disrupting airports and traffic on the motorways well beyond the area of the volcano itself, as well as affecting the stability of buildings and causing public health issues. It is thus a primary scientific target to forecast the impact of this activity on local communities on the basis of parameters recorded by the monitoring network. Between 2011 and 2015, 49 paroxysmal explosive episodes occurred at two of Mt Etna's five summit craters: the New South-East Crater (NSEC) and the Voragine (VOR). In this paper, we examine the features of the 40 episodes occurring at the NSEC during 2011-2013, and of the 4 events at VOR in December 2015. We study these paroxysms using geophysical monitoring data, characterize the episodes, and analyse all available data statistically. Our main results are two empirical relationships allowing us to forecast the maximum elevation of the ash plume from the average height of the lava fountain, useful for hazard assessment and risk mitigation. For Etna, and using the examples described in this paper, we can infer that wind speed <10 m s −1 generally results in strong to intermediate plumes rising vertically above the crater, whereas wind speed >10 m s −1 is normally associated with weak plumes, bent-over along the wind direction and reaching lower elevations.

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Section: Lava Fountain Average Height Vs Plume Maximum Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paroxysmal Explosions, Lava Fountains and Ash Plumes at Etna Volcano: Eruptive Processes and Hazard Implications

et al. 2018

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“…In this work, the measurements from the MSG-SEVIRI and Aqua-MODIS satellites were used to retrieve volcanic ash cloud parameters (M a , AOD, R e ) using the volcanic plume removal (VPR) algorithm [20,21].…”

Section: Geostationary and Polar Orbiting Satellite Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

et al. 2016

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Volcanic activity is observed worldwide with a variety of ground and space-based remote sensing instruments, each with advantages and drawbacks. No single system can give a comprehensive description of eruptive activity, and so, a multi-sensor approach is required. This work integrates infrared and microwave volcanic ash retrievals obtained from the geostationary Meteosat Second Generation (MSG)-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), the polar-orbiting Aqua-MODIS and ground-based weather radar. The expected outcomes are improvements in satellite volcanic ash cloud retrieval (altitude, mass, aerosol optical depth and effective radius), the generation of new satellite products (ash concentration and particle number density in the thermal infrared) and better characterization of volcanic eruptions (plume altitude, total ash mass erupted and particle number density from thermal infrared to microwave). This approach is the core of the multi-platform volcanic ash cloud estimation procedure being developed within the European FP7-APhoRISM project. The Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy) volcano lava fountaining event of 23 November 2013 was considered as a test case. The results of the integration show the presence of two volcanic cloud layers at different altitudes. The improvement of the volcanic ash cloud altitude leads to a mean difference between the SEVIRI ash mass estimations, before and after the integration, of about the 30%. Moreover, the percentage of the airborne "fine" ash retrieved from the satellite is estimated to be about 1%-2% of the total ash emitted during the eruption. Finally, all of the estimated parameters (volcanic ash cloud altitude, thickness and total mass) were also validated with ground-based visible camera measurements, HYSPLIT forward trajectories, Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite data and tephra deposits.

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“…The high data frequency of the SEVIRI images (every 15 or 5 min) can be exploited to retrieve wind speed and direction of the volcanic clouds for each event [34]. These terms were derived by applying the following steps:  retrieval of the ash abundance map from a given SEVIRI image [34];  identification of the ash cloud centre of mass;  computation of the ash centre of mass distance from the top of the volcano and the angle relative to the North. The previous three steps are repeated for some subsequent SEVIRI images (at least 2-3 h from the start of the eruption).…”

Section: Vpth By Using the Tracking Of The Ash Cloud Center Of Mass Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vpth By Using the Tracking Of The Ash Cloud Center Of Mass Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proximal Monitoring of the 2011–2015 Etna Lava Fountains Using MSG-SEVIRI Data

et al. 2018

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From 2011 to 2015, 49 lava fountains occurred at Etna volcano. In this work, the measurements carried out from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument, on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite, are processed to realize a proximal monitoring of the eruptive activity for each event. The SEVIRI measurements are managed to provide the time series of start and duration of eruption and fountains, Time Averaged Discharge Rate (TADR) and Volcanic Plume Top Height (VPTH). Due to its temperature responsivity, the eruptions start and duration, fountains start and duration and TADR are realized by exploiting the SEVIRI 3.9 µm channel, while the VPTH is carried out by applying a simplified procedure based on the SEVIRI 10.8 µm brightness temperature computation. For each event, the start, duration and TADR have been compared with ground-based observations. The VPTH time series is compared with the results obtained from a procedures-based on the volcanic cloud center of mass tracking in combination with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) back-trajectories. The results indicate that SEVIRI is generally able to detect the start of the lava emission few hours before the ground measurements. A good agreement is found for both the start and the duration of the fountains and the VPTH with mean differences of about 1 h, 50 min and 1 km respectively.

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Evolution of the 2011 Mt. Etna ash and SO2 lava fountain episodes using SEVIRI data and VPR retrieval approach

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Paroxysmal Explosions, Lava Fountains and Ash Plumes at Etna Volcano: Eruptive Processes and Hazard Implications

Paroxysmal Explosions, Lava Fountains and Ash Plumes at Etna Volcano: Eruptive Processes and Hazard Implications

A Multi-Sensor Approach for Volcanic Ash Cloud Retrieval and Eruption Characterization: The 23 November 2013 Etna Lava Fountain

Proximal Monitoring of the 2011–2015 Etna Lava Fountains Using MSG-SEVIRI Data

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