Evolution of the chemical composition of Sn thin films heated during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Modiba, Fortunate; Arendse, Christopher J.; Oliphant, Clive J.; Jordaan, W.A.; Mostert, Louise

doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2019.100378

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The chemical states and compositions before exfoliation and after transferring were investigated by XPS. In Figure c, the binding energies centered at 485.2 and 493.6 eV prove the existence of Sn 3d 5/2 and Sn 3d 3/2 in the film, while other weak peaks at 486.1 and 494.6 eV are assigned to tin oxide because of surface oxidation . Because of the high vacuum background and high purity of the working gas during the film deposition, the oxide states in the film might be caused by the absorbed gaseous molecules on the surface of the film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In Figure 2c, the binding energies centered at 485.2 and 493.6 eV prove the existence of Sn 3d 5/2 and Sn 3d 3/2 in the film, 22 while other weak peaks at 486.1 and 494.6 eV are assigned to tin oxide because of surface oxidation. 31 Because of the high vacuum background and high purity of the working gas during the film deposition, the oxide states in the film might be caused by the absorbed gaseous molecules on the surface of the film. From Figure 2d, two peaks corresponding to Se 3d 5/2 and Se 3d 3/2 are observed at 53.1 and 53.7 eV, respectively.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

Hao

Liu

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A broad spectral response is highly desirable for radiation detection in modern optoelectronics; however, it still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a novel ultrabroadband photodetector based on a high-quality tin monoselenide (SnSe) thin film, which is even capable of detecting photons with energies far below its optical band gap. The wafer-size SnSe ultrathin films are epitaxially grown on sodium chloride via the 45° in-plane rotation by employing a sputtering method. The photodetector delivers sensitive detection to ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) lights in the photoconductive mode and shows an anomalous response to long-wavelength infrared at room temperature. Under the mid-infrared light of 10.6 μm, the fabricated photodetector exhibits a large photoresponsivity of 0.16 A W–1 with a fast response rate, which is ∼3 orders of magnitude higher than other results. The thermally induced carriers from the photobolometric effect are responsible for the sub-bandgap response. This mechanism is confirmed by a temperature coefficient of resistance of −2.3 to 4.4% K–1 in the film, which is comparable to that of the commercial bolometric detectors. Additionally, the flexible device transferred onto polymer templates further displays high mechanical durability and stability over 200 bending cycles, indicating great potential toward developing wearable optoelectronic devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

Hao

Liu

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…To further verify the valence state of Sn and Ce in the coating layer, XPS analysis of the coating was conducted. Figure 7a,b show that main peaks appeared at 486.3and 494.6 eV, which corresponds to Sn 3d 3/2 and Sn 3d 5/2 , respectively, indicating that Sn atoms were in oxidation state of Sn 4+ , thus verifying that Sn was coexisted in the coating sample as compounds [23,24]. The peaks of Ce 3d contained two peaks: V (885.7 eV) and U (905.4 eV) in Figure 7c, where the peak marked V and U were assigned to Ce 3d 3/2 and Ce 3d 5/2 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

A New Type of Coating Brush Plating Solution and Its Application Performance

et al. 2022

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A new type of coating brush plating solutioncontaining stannous sulfate and potassium pyrophosphate was prepared by solution mixing method.Its structures, physicochemical properties, and the application effect in power equipment contact were also investigated by electrochemical workstation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microsco (SEM), Mapping, and infrared thermometer. The results showed that the tin coating has good adaptability to the ambient temperature and good adhesion with the copper substrate. Cerium nitrate was evenly distributed over the tin plating layer, reduced the crystal refinement of tin and lead to a uniform distribution of microdefects. When the cerium nitrate content, the amount of additives, the amount of complex agent, and the number of brush plating operations are 0.1%, 10.0%, 8.0%, and 5 times, respectively, the tin plating layer has the best electrochemical performance. For application, the damaged contacts of power equipment can fully meet the demand of power use after being treated by the new brush plating solution.

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“…The existence of zerovalent Sn 0 and Co 0 further confirmed the coexistence of multiple alloy phases in Co/Sn@C composites. In addition, O 1s spectra were also observed and are shown in Figure d, where the two peaks located at 530.7 and 531.5 eV were attributed to the lattice oxygen in Co/Sn oxide and the surface chemisorbed oxygen, , respectively. The lattice oxygen corresponds to the positive metals Sn 4+ and Co 2+ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cobalt Doping in MOF-Derived Carbon-Loaded Tin Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

Ma,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

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Among many catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2, bimetallic materials have been paid more attention on enhanced catalytic activity and product selectivity. Sn is considered as an optional catalyst with excellent application potential due to its high selectivity for formate, low toxicity, low cost, and abundant reserves, which has been widely studied in recent years. However, the catalytic properties of cobalt–tin bimetallic composites have not been reported. In this study, we successfully synthesized the loaded Co/Sn bimetallic carbon matrix composite using the MOF template method and systematically studied the characteristics of the composite for the electrochemical catalytic reduction of CO2. It was found that the formate Faraday efficiency (FEFormate) of the electrode with 1% Co/Sn@C catalyst coating could reach 70% with the total current density of ∼5.6 mA cm–2 at a low applied potential of −0.98 V vs RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode). Studies have shown that Co element mainly in the form of alloy doped into the catalytic materials, with trace amounts of Co doping (≤1%) can effectively improve electrode conductivity properties, increase the electrochemical active site, significantly improve selectivity for formate, and enhance the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which leads to more Co element doping playing a negative role. Further, the electrode with carbon paper as the support has more stable electrocatalytic activity, compared to copper foil. Experiments confirmed that the desorption of active metals on the catalyst coating on the electrode surface was the critical factor leading to the decrease in catalytic performance. This brings essential implications for the deactivation of electrodes coated with metallic elements, therefore enhancing the binding ability between the active components and the catalytic surface, or uniformly dispersing the catalytically active sites should be an effective way to improve this kind of electrode life. In addition, the carbon paper-supported 1% Co/Sn@C gas diffusion electrode (GDE) coupled with an alkaline flow cell achieved a remarkable FEFormate of ∼76% and a substantial formate partial current density of ∼24 mA cm–2 at an applied potential of −0.98 V vs RHE. Electrocatalytic experiments in the flow cell for 30 h demonstrated the excellent catalytic stability of the 1% Co/Sn@C GDE during long-term electrochemical activities.

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Evolution of the chemical composition of Sn thin films heated during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

A New Type of Coating Brush Plating Solution and Its Application Performance

Cobalt Doping in MOF-Derived Carbon-Loaded Tin Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction

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Evolution of the chemical composition of Sn thin films heated during x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

Flexible SnSe Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectral Response up to 10.6 μm Enabled by Photobolometric Effect

A New Type of Coating Brush Plating Solution and Its Application Performance

Cobalt Doping in MOF-Derived Carbon-Loaded Tin Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cobalt Doping in MOF-Derived Carbon-Loaded Tin Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electrocatalytic CO₂ Reduction