Evolution of the frank vectorcardiogram in normal infants

Namin, Ernesto P.; Arcilla, René A.; D’Cruz, Ivan A.; Gasul, Benjamin M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(64)90424-2

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Though several reports have dealt with the description of the normal Frank vectorcardiogram (Pipberger, 1958;Seiden, 1957;Bristow, 1961;Forkner, Hugenholtz, and Levine, 1961;McCall, Wallace, and Estes, 1962;Gunther and Graf, 1965), few have been concerned with infancy and childhood (Hugenholtz and Liebman, 1962;Namin et al, 1964), hence the need for additional normal data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Frank vectorcardiogram in infancy and childhood.

Khoury¹,

Fowler²

1967

Heart

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal Frank vectorcardiogram in infancy and childhood.

Khoury¹,

Fowler²

1967

Heart

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“…---- The vectorcardiographi c part of the study was interesting b~cause of the persistence of a pattern that might, in a clinical setting, suggest right ventricular hypertrophy . The infantile pattern of physiologic right ventricular dominance may change to the adult pattern by the age of one month or may take longer than 18 mo nths (22). Our findings indicate that this change is not necessarily complete in the 3~ year age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Polarcardiographic and vectorcardiographic study of 70 normal children aged 3‐4 years

Niederberger

Dower

Machado

1978

Clinical Cardiology

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Summary: This polarcardiographic and vectorcardiographic study of 70 normal children, aged three to four years using the Frank lead system, provides data on an important age group that were not previously available. High-resolution xyz signals, recorded on magnetic tape, were edited, digitized, compressed, and fed into a digital computer together with typed information. Computer outputs included measurements, analysis, VCG loops, Aitoff plots of 1>, ~, and t directions, derived 12-lead ECGs, and polar tracings. Conventional ECGs were also recorded; differences from the derived ECG were not clinically significant. Various normal bounds for polar coordinate variables were established, such as criteria for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy. There was a significant sex difference in the t directions, which were more posterior than those previously reported for adults. Among the VCGs, it was interesting to note several patterns suggesting persistence of right ventricular forces.

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“…After two weeks the weight of the left ventricle almost doubles that of the right. However, the electrocardiogram shows significant right ventricular preponderance during the neonatal period, and left ventricular dominance is commonly observed only after the third month of life [11]. In this regard, the findings in Case 2 are particularly interesting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%