Evolution of the Miocene Ailaoshan orogenic gold deposits, southeastern Tibet, during a complex tectonic history of lithosphere-crust interaction

Wang, Qingfei; Groves, David; Deng, Jun; Li, Huajian; Yang, Lin; Dong, Chaoyi

doi:10.1007/s00126-019-00922-3

Cited by 71 publications

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“…Ore precipitation mechanisms for these orogenic gold deposits are diverse, and include flash boiling of fluids triggered by earthquake-induced fault-valve processes (Sibson and Scott 1998; Weatherley and Henley 2013), fluid-rock reaction (Evans et al 2006;Li et al 2019a), and fluid mixing (Bateman and Hagemann 2004). Moreover, the origin for the gold in these orogenic gold deposits has been hotly debated by two contrasting perspectives: locally sourced from metamorphic devolatilization reactions of sedimentary rocks (Large et al 2007(Large et al , 2009(Large et al , 2011Thomas et al 2011) and deeply sourced reservoirs, including magmatic (Lawrence et al 2013;Treloar et al 2015), mantle (Graupner et al 2006Deng et al 2019aDeng et al , 2020Wang et al 2019), and metamorphic fluids (Pitcairn et al 2006;Tomkins 2010;Lawrence et al 2013;Chinnasamy et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1a; Yang et al 2010Yang et al , 2011Zhang et al 2014a). It is one of the rare examples, globally, of an orogenic gold deposit hosted in a Cenozoic orogenic belt (Goldfarb et al 2001;Deng et al 2016Deng et al , 2019bLi et al 2019b;Wang et al 2019Wang et al , 2020. Although different studies focusing on the fluid source and ore genesis at Chang'an have been carried out, they are still under debated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluid source and metal precipitation mechanism of sediment-hosted Chang'an orogenic gold deposit, SW China: Constraints from sulfide texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotopes and calcite C-O isotopes

Yang

Wang

Large

et al. 2021

American Mineralogist

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The source of fluids and mechanism of metal precipitation in sediment-hosted, disseminated orogenic gold deposits are ambiguous. Pyrite texture, trace element, S, Pb and HeAr isotope compositions of sulfides and CO isotope data of calcite from Chang'an orogenic gold deposit in the Ailaoshan orogenic belt, SW China, were studied to provide a new genetic model for the sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposit, and furthering knowledge of the source of fluids and their mechanism of metal precipitation. Orebodies at Chang'an are mainly hosted by Ordovician turbidite with minor in Oligocene syenite. Two stages of mineralization have been identified in the deposit: stage I disseminated quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrite, and stage II veined quartz-calcitepolymetallic sulfides. Five generations of pyrite have been identified in turbidite: preore syn-sedimentary pyrite, pyI-1 and pyI-2 in stage I, and pyII-1 and pyII-2 in stage II, and an unzoned pyrite population developed in syenite. PyI-1 commonly overgrows synsedimentary pyrite with irregular boundaries and contains arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite and electrum inclusions along the boundaries. PyI-1 is overgrown by thin and inclusion-free pyI-2, and crosscut by pyII-1, which is rimmed by pyII-2. The syn-sedimentary pyrite is distributed parallel to the sedimentary bedding and contains As (620.8 ppm), Pb (61.6 ppm), Ni (59.8 ppm), Mo (54.4 ppm), Co (23.4 ppm), and Cu (13.0 ppm) with low Au content of 0.06 ppm. This pyrite has δ 34 S values of-18.1 to +30.4 ‰ and high radiogenic Pb isotope ratios (average 206 Pb/ 204 Pb, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb of 19.05, 15.86 and 39.87, respectively). PyI-1 and coexisting arsenopyrite are enriched in invisible Au (up to 227.1 ppm and 353.3 ppm, respectively), This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid source and metal precipitation mechanism of sediment-hosted Chang'an orogenic gold deposit, SW China: Constraints from sulfide texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotopes and calcite C-O isotopes

Yang

Wang

Large

et al. 2021

American Mineralogist

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“…The Ailaoshan fault separates the eastern high-grade metamorphic belt from the Jinping terrane. The Ailaoshan-Tengtiaohe fault separates the western low-grade metamorphic belt from the ophiolitic belt (Wang et al, 2020) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…South China block and a Paleo-Tethyan ophiolite belt in the Indochina block (Figure 1 The Ailaoshan fault separates the eastern high-grade metamorphic belt from the Jinpi terrane. The Ailaoshan-Tengtiaohe fault separates the western low-grade metamorph belt from the ophiolitic belt (Wang et al, 2020) [4,5]. The Ailaoshan metallogenic belt evolved during the last continental collision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The orebody of the gold deposit was controlled by the secondary fault stru ture of the regional NW-trending fault and formed in the process of Tethys compos orogeny. [4,26]) and (b) geological map of the Ailaoshan gold belt along the Ailaoshan shear zone showing the high-grade metamorphic belt, ophiolite belt, and Jinping terrane (modified from [17]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and Geochemistry of Selected Gold Deposits in the Ailaoshan Metallogenic Belt, China: Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids

Denghong

Wang

et al. 2021

Minerals

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The formation of the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt was the result of: the Neoproterozoic super mantle plume, the Indosinian and South China blocks in the Late Triassic after the Paleo-Tethys Ocean closure, and Oligocene-Eocene continental-scale shearing related to the India-Eurasia collision. It is one of the most important Cenozoic gold ore province in the world. In this paper, the geological characteristics, isotopic geochemistry, and geochemical data of ore-forming fluids of four large-scale gold deposits in the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt (Mojiang Jinchang, Zhenyuan Laowangzhai, Yuanyang Daping, and Jinping Chang’an) are comprehensively compared. The features of host-rock alteration, metallogenetic periods and stages, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and C-H-O-S-Pb isotopes of gold deposits are summarized and analyzed. The gold mineralization in the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt occurred mostly in 50–30 Ma, belonging to the Himalayan period. The gold mineralization is closely related to silicification, argillation, carbonation, and pyritization due to the strong mineralization of hydrothermal fluid, the development of alteration products, and the inconspicuous spatial zonation of alteration types. The ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of mantle fluid (magmatic water) and metamorphic fluid (metamorphic water). The ore-forming materials of the Jinchang, Chang’an, and Laowangzhai gold deposits mainly originate the host-rock strata of the mining area, and the carbon is more likely to from marine carbonate. The carbon in the Daping gold deposit from the original magma formed by the partial melting of the mantle. Pb isotopes have characteristics of crustal origin, accompanied by mixing of mantle-derived materials and multisource sulfur mixing, and are strongly homogenized.

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Provenance shift during Early‐Middle Triassic and its response to the palaeogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southwestern South China Block

et al. 2022

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To constrain the relationship between the plate boundary dynamics and the basin sedimentation in the southwestern South China Block (SCB), we undertook detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf isotope compositions of the Lower‐Middle Triassic turbidite system in the Youjiang Basin and biotite 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the adjacent Lingshan granite. The detrital zircons from Lower Triassic clastic rocks are dominated by age peaks at ~450 Ma and ~1,000 Ma and minor peaks at ~250–260 Ma with negative εHf(t) values (−6.4 to −10.1). In contrast, the Middle Triassic group contains more volcanic fragments and displays a different age peak at ~240–287 Ma with εHf(t) between −11.9 and 13.2 in addition to the former two peaks. These results suggest a potential provenance associated with juvenile and volcanic components in the adjacent region during the Middle Triassic. A summary of the Triassic tectonothermal history suggests that the eastern Youjiang Basin and Yunkai Terrane were uplifted throughout the Triassic, while the northeastern Indochina Block on the west of the SCB was uplifted mainly during the Middle Triassic. Combined with the palaeocurrent reconstruction, we infer that the turbidite system was filled primarily from east to west during the Early Triassic, mainly controlled by the Palaeo‐Pacific plate subduction. Subsequently, the Middle Triassic turbidite system involved juvenile and volcanic components from the eastern SCB and northeastern Indochina Block in addition to the Early Triassic provenance, as a result of dual impact from the Palaeo‐Pacific plate subduction and Indochina Block collision.

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Evolution of the Miocene Ailaoshan orogenic gold deposits, southeastern Tibet, during a complex tectonic history of lithosphere-crust interaction

Cited by 71 publications

References 92 publications

Fluid source and metal precipitation mechanism of sediment-hosted Chang'an orogenic gold deposit, SW China: Constraints from sulfide texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotopes and calcite C-O isotopes

Fluid source and metal precipitation mechanism of sediment-hosted Chang'an orogenic gold deposit, SW China: Constraints from sulfide texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotopes and calcite C-O isotopes

Geology and Geochemistry of Selected Gold Deposits in the Ailaoshan Metallogenic Belt, China: Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids

Provenance shift during Early‐Middle Triassic and its response to the palaeogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southwestern South China Block

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