Evolution of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves from spring processing to 40 days after feedlot arrival

McMullen, Christopher; Orsel, Karin; Alexander, Trevor W.; Meer, Frank van der; Plastow, Graham; Timsit, Edouard

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.019

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Based on the strong association of members of the Mycoplasma and Moraxella , it is plausible to infer that reduced Mycoplasma abundance may have resulted in the decrease of Moraxella if the existence of Moraxella depends on Mycoplasma . While several studies have reported an increase in nasopharyngeal colonization after feedlot placement (McMullen et al, 2018; Stroebel et al, 2018; Holman and Alexander, 2019), our study only lasted 14 days, thus changes in the microbiota may have occurred subsequent to the last sampling. In contrast to Moraxella , the relative abundance of Corynebacterium and Methanobrevibacter was inversely associated with Mycoplasma .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Beef Cattle Transported to a Feedlot, With a Focus on Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria

et al. 2019

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The nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota is important in defining respiratory health in feedlot cattle, with certain NP commensals potentially protecting against bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated longitudinal changes in the NP microbiota with a focus on lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB) and their linkage with BRD-associated bacteria in steers (n = 13) that were first transported to an auction market, and then to a feedlot. Deep nasopharyngeal swabs were collected at the farm before transportation to the auction market (day 0), at feedlot placement (day 2), and 5 (day 7) and 12 (day 14) days after feedlot placement. Swabs were processed for the assessment of the NP microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and for the detection of Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni by culturing. Possible associations among the top 15 most relatively abundant bacterial genera were predicted using a stepwise-selected generalized linear mixed model. Correlations between LAB and BRD-associated Pasteurellaceae families were also assessed. In addition, antimicrobial activity of selected LAB isolates against M. haemolytica was evaluated in vitro. A noticeable shift was observed in the NP microbial community structure, and in the relative abundance of LAB families as a result of auction market exposure, transport and feedlot placement. Varying degrees of positive or negative associations between the 15 most relatively abundant genera were observed. Many of the LAB families were inversely correlated with the BRD-associated Pasteurellaceae family as the cattle were transported to the auction market and then to the feedlot. Nearly all steers were culture-negative for M. haemolytica and H. somni, and P. multocida became less prevalent after feedlot placement. Isolates from the Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Enterococcaceae families inhibited the growth of M. haemolytica. The results of this study indicated that the NP microbiota became more diverse with an increase in microbial richness following transport to an auction market and feedlot. This study provides evidence of potential cooperation and exclusion taking place in the respiratory microbial community of cattle which may be useful for developing microbial-based strategies to mitigate BRD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Beef Cattle Transported to a Feedlot, With a Focus on Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria

et al. 2019

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“…This change in the microbiome profiles included an increase in abundance of bacterial genera including Mycoplasma, Psychrobacter, and Moraxella ( Figures 1B, C and 2B, C) that have been previously reported to be associated with the upper nasal cavity in cattle diagnosed with BRD in the feedlot after weaning (Holman et al, 2015(Holman et al, , 2017Timsit et al, 2016;Johnston et al, 2017). McMullen et al (2018) also identified changes in the microbiome profiles of calves from nasopharyngeal samples collected at spring processing (21-49 d of age) to arrival at the feedlot (average 123 d of age). Together, these data suggest that although these bacterial genera are in the microbiome of cattle that are diagnosed with BRD, they are also detected in the commensal microbiome of healthy calves at sampling time points (preconditioning and weaning) prior to entry into the feedlot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome of the upper nasal cavity of beef calves prior to weaning12

McDaneld

Kuehn

Keele

2019

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Whether M. dispar confers some form of protective effect to the host (such as inhibiting Mycoplasma bovis colonization in healthy cattle by competing for adhesion sites) or is simply a common respiratory commensal bacterium remains to be determined. It would be valuable to understand when and how the nasopharynx and lungs of healthy calves are colonized by M. dispar, as previous studies have reported increased abundance/isolation of the bacterium over the first half-year of life and notably after weaning [49,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

et al. 2020

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Background: Bacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. The nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP. However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which upper respiratory tract (URT) niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. Methods: Seventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced. Community composition, alphadiversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. Results: Microbiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1137 observed sequence variants (SVs). An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (Rstatistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma. Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar. Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella, Fusobacterium, and Streptococcus, respectively. Conclusions: The nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota is most similar to the lung bacterial microbiota in healthy cattle and therefore may serve as the primary source of bacteria to the lung. This finding indicates that the nasopharynx is likely the most important location that should be targeted when doing bovine respiratory microbiota research.

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Evolution of the nasopharyngeal bacterial microbiota of beef calves from spring processing to 40 days after feedlot arrival

Cited by 33 publications

References 34 publications

Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Beef Cattle Transported to a Feedlot, With a Focus on Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria

Evaluation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota in Beef Cattle Transported to a Feedlot, With a Focus on Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria

Microbiome of the upper nasal cavity of beef calves prior to weaning12

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

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