Evolution of the Pelagonian carbonate platform complex and the adjacent oceanic realm in response to plate tectonic forcing (Late Triassic and Jurassic), Evvoia, Greece

Abstract

The Late Triassic and Jurassic platform and the oceanic complexes in Evvoia, Greece, share a complementary plate-tectonic evolution. Shallow marine carbonate deposition responded to changing rates of subsidence and uplift, whilst the adjacent ocean underwent spreading, and then convergence, collision and finally obduction over the platform complex. Late Triassic ocean spreading correlated with platform subsidence and the formation of a long-persisting peritidal passive-margin platform. Incipient drowning occurred from the Sinemurian to the late Middle Jurassic. This subsidence correlated with intra-oceanic subduction and plate convergence that led to supra-subduction calc-alkaline magmatism and the formation of a primitive volcanic arc. During the Middle Jurassic, plate collision caused arc uplift above the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) in the oceanic realm, and related thrust-faulting, on the platform, led to sub-aerial exposures. Patch-reefs developed there during the Late Oxfordian to Kimmeridgian. Advanced oceanic nappe-loading caused platform drowning below the CCD during the Tithonian, which is documented by intercalations of reefal turbidites with non-carbonate radiolarites. Radiolarites and bypass-turbidites, consisting of siliciclastic greywacke, terminate the platform succession beneath the emplaced oceanic nappe during late Tithonian to Valanginian time.

Evidence for Jurassic subduction from the Northern Calcareous Alps (Berchtesgaden; Austroalpine, Germany)

“…This very same Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous history as described above is well preserved and documented in the continuation of the Northern Calcareous Alps in the Western Carpathians, Pannonian realm, Dinarides, Albanides, and Hellenides (e.g., Bernoulli and Laubscher 1972;Csontos and Vörös 2004;Gawlick et al 2008;Froitzheim et al 2008;Schlagintweit et al 2008;Schmid et al 2008;Scherreiks et al 2009;Kilias et al 2010) (Fig. 15):…”

Evolution and Geological Significance of Larger Benthic Foraminifera

“…Panthalassan volcanic islands might have served as refuges during time of crisis when the Tethys was affected (Stanley, 2003), and probably middle Norian conditions were similar to those of the Permian. During the Rhaetian, foraminiferal diversity in all provinces dwindled gradually to near full extinctions in the three provinces (Tanner et al, 2004;Scherreiks et al, 2010). These extinctions mirror the abrupt extinction seen for all other groups in the marine realm at the end of the Triassic.…”

“…In contrast to the Triassic benthic foraminifera, the Jurassic larger benthic foraminifera have been systematically studied on a regional scale by a number of authors. Early Jurassic Hettangian-Sinemurian foraminifera from the present-day Mediterranean region were studied by Septfontaine (1981), Fugagnoli (2000), BouDagher-Fadel (2000), BouDagher-Fadel et al (2001), Noujaim Clark and BouDagher-Fadel (2001, BouDagher-Fadel et al (2001), BouDagher-Fadel and Lord (2002), Scherreiks et al (2006Scherreiks et al ( , 2010Scherreiks et al ( , 2016, BouDagher-Fadel and Bosence (2007), and by BouDagher-Fadel (2016). These authors have proposed standard Jurassic biozonations for the Mesozoic realm on the basis of foraminiferal generic ranges and assemblages.…”

Comparison of the Late Triassic carbonate platform evolution and Lofer cyclicity in the Transdanubian Range, Hungary and Pelagonian Zone, Greece

“…1). Platform carbonates assigned to the Pantokrator Formation and showing high-frequency shallowing-upward cyclicity were reported from NE Evia (Scherreiks 2000;Scherreiks et al 2010).…”