Evolution of the residual stress state in a duplex stainless steel during loading

Moverare, Johan; Odén, Magnus; Zeng, Xiangbin

doi:10.1016/s1359-6454(99)00149-4

Cited by 165 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The tests were carried out material are listed in Table II. In a previous study, [9] it was with a frequency of 1.0 Hz with a maximum load of 500 found that the hardness and yield strength are higher for the MPa. The test was interrupted after 10, 10 2 , 10 3 , 10 4 , 10 5 , and 3.5и10 5 cycles, and the specimens were then moved to a tensile test device constructed to fit on the X-ray diffracto- (1) The {211} planes for ferrite and {220} planes for austenite have a crystallographic fac-X-ray diffraction gives the opportunity to measure the tor [20] equal to 0.25, which is close to the 0.20 value correstotal stress tensor separately in each phase of a two-phase ponding to isotropic behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Residual microstresses are DUPLEX stainless steels, consisting of approximately always present in duplex stainless steels due to the difference equal amounts of austenite and ferrite, are established today in coefficient of thermal expansion between the two phases. in a wide product range from chemical tankers, pressure A large variation in residual thermal stresses, both measured vessels, and pipes to heat exchangers, paper machines, and and calculated, has been reported in the literature, [7][8][9][10] and offshore applications. The high strength of the duplex grades it is clear that texture effects and plastic relaxation will enables both weight and cost savings when they are used influence these stresses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high strength of the duplex grades it is clear that texture effects and plastic relaxation will enables both weight and cost savings when they are used influence these stresses. [9] Johansson et al [9] has shown that as corrosion resistant materials in a construction. The use these residual microstresses can change during deformation of duplex stainless steels in load carrying applications has due to different elastic and plastic properties of the two increased the demand for thorough knowledge of the fatigue phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This 0.00020 Å for austenite and 2.87355 Ϯ 0.00018 Å for ferrite. [9] The stress tensor was determined in each phase by a load corresponds to a fatigue life of approximately 4.2и10 5 cycles. The hysteresis loops for different load cycles, least-squares procedure, [17] where the Hill average of the single crystal values given by Lebrun and Inal [18] was used recorded during the fatigue testing, are shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Load sharing between austenite and ferrite in a duplex stainless steel during cyclic loading

Moverare

Odén

2000

Metall Mater Trans A

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The load sharing between phases and the evolution of micro-and macrostresses during cyclic loading has been investigated in a 1.5-mm cold-rolled sheet of the duplex stainless steel SAF 2304. X-ray diffraction (XRD) stress analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that even if the hardness and yield strength are higher in the austenitic phase, more plastic deformation will occur in this phase due to the residual microstresses present in the material. The origin of the microstresses is the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between the two phases, which leads to tensile microstresses in the austenite and compressive microstresses in the ferrite. The microstresses were also found to increase from 50 to 140 MPa in the austenite during the first 100 cycles when cycled in tension fatigue with a maximum load of 500 MPa. The cyclic loading response of the material was, thus, mainly controlled by the plastic properties of the austenitic phase. It was also found that initial compressive macrostresses on the surface increased from Ϫ40 to 50 MPa during the first 10 3 cycles. After the initial increase of microstresses and macrostresses, no fading of residual stresses was found to occur for the following cycles. A good correlation was found between the internal stress state and the microstructure evolution. The change in texture during cyclic fatigue showed a sharpening of the deformation texture in the ferritic phase, while no significant changes were found in the austenitic phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Load sharing between austenite and ferrite in a duplex stainless steel during cyclic loading

Moverare

Odén

2000

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…29 By determining the total stress for each phase from measurements and using Eqs. (1) and (2), the macro-stresses can be obtained as…”

Section: B Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue crack propagation in laser alloyed ductile cast iron surface

Zhao

et al. 2013

Journal of Laser Applications

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Due to a limited dimension of the focused laser beam, multiple passes are required to treat large surface areas, which results in overlapping of laser tracks. This process increases the cracking susceptibility and is a major barrier for the wide application of the laser treatment. To avoid the formation of cracks in multiple overlapping laser tracks, a novel technique referred to as the laser dispersed alloying (LDA) has been developed. The technique consists of creating a dispersed pattern of laser alloying on the surface to be processed. This treatment enhances the fatigue resistance of the surface layer. In the present study, the microstructure, the residual stress, and the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) for the ductile cast iron surface formed with the LDA technique were investigated. It was found that the fatigue resistance of the ductile cast iron is markedly increased after the LDA process, due to the compressive stresses and the fine dendritic structure formed in the laser alloying zone, the excellent bond strength between the laser alloying zone and the substrate, and the martensite shell surrounding graphite nodule in the heat affected zone near the boundary of the laser alloying zone. V C 2013 Laser Institute of America.

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Fatigue Strength, Crack Initiation, and Localized Plastic Fatigue Damage in VHCF of Duplex Stainless Steels

Tofique

Bergström

Burman

et al. 2015

steel research int.

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The fatigue strength of two-duplex stainless steel grades, 2304 SRG and LDX 2101, with austenitic-ferritic microstructure is tested using ultrasonic fatigue testing equipment operating at 20 kHz. The testing is conducted in tension-compression mode with the load ratio R ¼ À1. The fatigue strength is evaluated at 10 7 , 10 8 , and 10 9 load cycles and the estimates of fatigue strength are higher for the LDX 2101 grade. The fatigue crack initiation mechanisms are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The fatigue cracks, in all cases, appear to initiate due to accumulation of plastic fatigue damage at the surface. In the 2304 SRG grade, accumulation of fatigue damage occurs at the external surface of fatigued specimens in the form of extrusions at the grain/phase boundaries and in the form of individual slip lines in the austenite phase. Meanwhile, in the LDX 2101 grade accumulation of plastic fatigue damage in the form of extrusions and intrusions occurs mainly within the ferrite grain. When the crack is microstructurally short, the crack growth appears to be crystallographic in nature and the crack appears to change its direction propagating from one grain into another.

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Evolution of the residual stress state in a duplex stainless steel during loading

Cited by 165 publications

References 26 publications

Load sharing between austenite and ferrite in a duplex stainless steel during cyclic loading

Load sharing between austenite and ferrite in a duplex stainless steel during cyclic loading

Fatigue crack propagation in laser alloyed ductile cast iron surface

Fatigue Strength, Crack Initiation, and Localized Plastic Fatigue Damage in VHCF of Duplex Stainless Steels

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