Evolution of the secondary structure of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in hard ticks (Ixodidae, Arthropoda)

O, Hlinka; Murrell, Anna; Barker, Stephen C.

doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800040

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The G+C contents of ITS-2 also varied, being 47.61% for I. ricinus, 55.62% and 62.92% for other hard ticks, and 35.04% for D. gallinae. Hlinka et al (2002) studied the secondary structure of ITS-2 from species of the six main lineages of hard ticks (family Ixodidae). The ITS-2 of these ticks varied in length from 679 bp in Ixodes scapularis to 1,547 bp in Aponomma concolor.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are compared to those of the Metastriata (all other hard ticks). Increases in the size of the ITS-2 may have been caused by replication slippage which generated large repeats, like those seen in Haemaphysalis humerosa and species from the Rhipicepalinae lineage and the small repeats found in species from the other lineages of ticks (Hlinka et al 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, detailed morphological descriptions of the immature stages remain unknown for most tick species. To circumvent somehow these kinds of difficulties, several approaches using different genetic makers have been evaluated for the identification and phylogenetic studies of ticks (Wesson et al 1993;McLain et al 1995;Zahler and Gothe 1997;Poucher et al 1999;Fukunaga et al 2000;Hlinka et al 2002;Shaw et al 2002;Rees et al 2003;de Rojas et al 2007;Marrelli et al 2007). Concerning the public health aspects, molecular methods applied to the diagnosis of ticks can be useful and practical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular characterization of hard and soft ticks from Romania by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA

Chitimia

Lin

Cosoroabå³

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

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In the present study, four hard tick species and one soft tick species, namely, Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis parva, Ixodes ricinus, and Dermanyssus gallinae, from south-western Romania were characterized genetically by the first (ITS-1) and second (ITS-2) internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA), using a hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, from China for comparative purposes. The ITS rDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced from individual ticks. The lengths of the ITS-1 sequences were 238-1819 bp, and the lengths of ITS-2 were 137-1695 bp, respectively, for all ticks sequenced. While sequence variation within a hard tick species was 0-1.5%, nucleotide differences between hard tick species ranged 2-25.2%, indicating that ITS rDNA sequences provide genetic markers for the differentiation of hard ticks from Romania. Hence, a PCR-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism approach was developed for their unequivocal differentiation based on ITS-1 rDNA. This is the first characterization of ticks from Romania using a genetic approach, which provides the foundation for further studies on ticks in Romania and has implications for studying the population genetic structure of the Romanian ticks and for identification and differentiation of closely related ticks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular characterization of hard and soft ticks from Romania by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA

Chitimia

Lin

Cosoroabå³

et al. 2009

Parasitol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA gene is a broadly used standard marker for the phylogenetic study of many organisms at low taxonomic levels (Lott et al 1998;Go´mez-Zurita et al 2000;Murrell et al 2001;Hlinka et al 2002;Chen et al 2004). Because of the assumed conservation in secondary structure, it is also referred to as a double-edged tool for eukaryote evolutionary comparison (Mai and Coleman 1997;Morgan and Blair 1998;Joseph et al 1999;Michot et al 1999;Suh and Kim 2002;Alvarez and Wendel 2003;Coleman 2003;Goertzen et al 2003;Young and Coleman 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ITS2 secondary structure and phylogeny of cyst-forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

Overstreet

Subbotin

2008

Organisms Diversity & Evolution

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The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal RNA gene is a double-edged tool for eukaryote evolutionary comparison. In this paper, we re-evaluate the putative ITS2 secondary structures proposed for 29 species of cyst-forming nematodes in the genus Heterodera and present optimized variants. The models are organized in four main helices emerging from a central core. Helix III is always the longest and has two branches exhibited as a Y-shaped structure near the apex. In most species, helices III and IV have merged to form a segment of the central core. Two conservative motifs, GAUCR and UURC, were found in helices II and III, respectively. Using the MARNA program taking into consideration both the primary sequence and the secondary structure, we generated an optimal alignment for Heterodera sequences. The alignment was analyzed by Bayesian inference under a general-time-reversible model and the complex models, and by a maximum parsimony approach using original data and sequence data converted according to secondary-structure information. The consensus ITS2 secondary structure model for Heteroderidae can serve as a useful guide for reconstruction of optimal alignment and can be used as an additional source of data incorporating structural parameters of molecules for the study of nematode phylogeny. Application of the secondary ITS2 structure data allows a more resolved and realistic picture of relationships within Heteroderidae.

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“…Mitochondrial genes such as 16Sribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) are frequently used in taxonomic, evolutionary, and phylogeographic studies Murrell 2003, 2004;Hlinka et al 2002;Lu et al 2013). Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequences are also widely applicable in phylogeny of arthropods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Ixodes pavlovskyi and I. persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) from the sympatric zone in the south of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan

et al. 2015

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The most epidemiologically significant tick species in Siberia involved in transmission of a large number of pathogens causing human infectious diseases is Ixodes persulcatus. Ixodes pavlovskyi, being more active, also poses epidemiological threats. These tick species share morphology, activity seasons and geographic distribution range. In this paper, we characterize the geographic and genetic structures of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi populations inhabiting the southern part of Western Siberia (Russia and Kazakhstan)--the western part of I. pavlovskyi distribution range. The data are based on six distinct Ixodes tick populations. Analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial marker sequences (16S rRNA and COI) and the nuclear sequence (ITS2) showed genetic polymorphisms in both I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks inhabiting the sympatric zone. We could not determine the phylogeographic structure of I. pavlovskyi populations whereas for I. persulcatus significant within-region variance was shown. Notably, the abundance of I. persulcatus ticks negatively correlates with nucleotide and haplotype diversity in the concatenated sequence of mitochondrial gene (16S rRNA and COI) fragments. This is the first description of the genetic polymorphism of I. persulcatus and I. pavlovskyi ticks coexisting in a sympatric zone based on analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear markers.

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Evolution of the secondary structure of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in hard ticks (Ixodidae, Arthropoda)

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular characterization of hard and soft ticks from Romania by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA

Molecular characterization of hard and soft ticks from Romania by sequences of the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA

ITS2 secondary structure and phylogeny of cyst-forming nematodes of the genus Heterodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

Genetic diversity of Ixodes pavlovskyi and I. persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) from the sympatric zone in the south of Western Siberia and Kazakhstan

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