Evolution on ecological time‐scales

Carroll, Scott P.; Hendry, Andrew P.; Reznick, David N.; Fox, Charles

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01289.x

Cited by 577 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Widespread occurrence of the PRM mechanism would easily explain recently reported cases of apparent phenotypic evolution over ecological time (Reznick and Ghalambor, 2001;Hairston et al, 2005;Carroll et al, 2007;Schoener, 2011). In most such cases, there has been no genetic evidence demonstrating the operation of the classic Neo-Darwinian mechanism of allelic replacement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits without positive Darwinian selection

Hughes

2011

Heredity

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Recent evidence suggests the frequent occurrence of a simple non-Darwinian (but non-Lamarckian) model for the evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits, here entitled the plasticity-relaxation-mutation (PRM) mechanism. This mechanism involves ancestral phenotypic plasticity followed by specialization in one alternative environment and thus the permanent expression of one alternative phenotype. Once this specialization occurs, purifying selection on the molecular basis of other phenotypes is relaxed. Finally, mutations that permanently eliminate the pathways leading to alternative phenotypes can be fixed by genetic drift. Although the generality of the PRM mechanism is at present unknown, I discuss evidence for its widespread occurrence, including the prevalence of exaptations in evolution, evidence that phenotypic plasticity has preceded adaptation in a number of taxa and evidence that adaptive traits have resulted from loss of alternative developmental pathways. The PRM mechanism can easily explain cases of explosive adaptive radiation, as well as recently reported cases of apparent adaptive evolution over ecological time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits without positive Darwinian selection

Hughes

2011

Heredity

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“…It has been shown that evolution can occur on an ecological time-scale (see [5,23,24] for examples). Thus, ER could, in theory, be an important mechanism by which wild species can adapt to human-induced changes [25,26].…”

Section: Evidence For Evolutionary Rescue In Vertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and uncertainty

Wal

Garant

Festa-Bianchet

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

114

113

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The current rapid rate of human-driven environmental change presents wild populations with novel conditions and stresses. Theory and experimental evidence for evolutionary rescue present a promising case for species facing environmental change persisting via adaptation. Here, we assess the potential for evolutionary rescue in wild vertebrates. Available information on evolutionary rescue was rare and restricted to abundant and highly fecund species that faced severe intentional anthropogenic selective pressures. However, examples from adaptive tracking in common species and genetic rescues in species of conservation concern provide convincing evidence in favour of the mechanisms of evolutionary rescue. We conclude that low population size, long generation times and limited genetic variability will result in evolutionary rescue occurring rarely for endangered species without intervention. Owing to the risks presented by current environmental change and the possibility of evolutionary rescue in nature, we suggest means to study evolutionary rescue by mapping genotype → phenotype → demography → fitness relationships, and priorities for applying evolutionary rescue to wild populations.

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“…S pecies interactions are a source of selective pressures that can maintain genetic variability in host populations, parasitism being a classic example [1][2][3] . In particular, this is true for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in vertebrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Host–parasite network structure is associated with community-level immunogenetic diversity

et al. 2014

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Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode proteins that recognize foreign antigens and are thus crucial for immune response. In a population of a single host species, parasite-mediated selection drives MHC allelic diversity. However, in a community-wide context, species interactions may modulate selection regimes because the prevalence of a given parasite in a given host may depend on its prevalence in other hosts. By combining network analysis with immunogenetics, we show that host species infected by similar parasites harbour similar alleles with similar frequencies. We further show, using a Bayesian approach, that the probability of mutual occurrence of a functional allele and a parasite in a given host individual is nonrandom and depends on other host-parasite interactions, driving co-evolution within subgroups of parasite species and functional alleles. Therefore, indirect effects among hosts and parasites can shape host MHC diversity, scaling it from the population to the community level.

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Evolution on ecological time‐scales

Cited by 577 publications

References 82 publications

Evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits without positive Darwinian selection

Evolution of adaptive phenotypic traits without positive Darwinian selection

Evolutionary rescue in vertebrates: evidence, applications and uncertainty

Host–parasite network structure is associated with community-level immunogenetic diversity

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