Évolution temporelle de l’envasement des retenues de barrages de Tunisie

Mammou, Abdallah Ben; Louati, Mehdi

doi:10.7202/015813ar

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This value is identical to our estimate. Mammou and Louati proposed a capacity loss for Tunisian dams between 0.5 and 1% each year [28], compared to the 0.4% we found. Due to its greater relief and higher natural sediment yields, the values proposed for the Moroccan part of the MMB generally exceed 0.7% [20,22].…”

Section: Economic and Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Anthropogenic Reservoirs of Various Sizes Trap Most of the Sediment in the Mediterranean Maghreb Basin

Sadaoui

Ludwig

Bourrin

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:The purpose of this study is to obtain a spatially explicit assessment of the impact of reservoirs on natural river sediment fluxes to the sea in the Mediterranean Maghreb Basin (MMB), a region where both mechanical erosion rates and the anthropogenic pressure on surface water resources are high. We combined modeling of riverine sediment yields (sediment fluxes divided by the drainage basin area) and water drainage intensities in a 5' × 5' grid point resolution (~10 km × 10 km) with a compilation of existing reservoirs in the area, and calculated sediment trapping based on average water residence time in these reservoirs. A total number of 670 reservoirs could be assembled from various sources (including digitization from Google maps), comprising large-scale, small-scale and hillside reservoirs. 450 of them could be implemented in our modeling approach. Our results confirm that natural sediment yields are clearly above the world average, with the greatest values for Morocco (506 t km −2 year −1 ), followed by Algeria (328 t km −2 year −1 ) and by Tunisia (250 t km −2 year −1 ). Including dams in the downstream routing of suspended sediments to the sea reduces the natural sediment flux in the entire MMB to the sea from 96 to 36 Mt km −1 year −1 , which corresponds to an average sediment retention of 62%. Trapping rates are highest in the Tunisian basin part, with about 72%, followed by the Algerian (63%) and the Moroccan basin parts (55%). Small reservoirs and hillside reservoirs are quantitatively important in the interception of these sediments compared to large reservoirs. If we only considered the dams included in the widely used Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD) database which comprises mainly large reservoirs sediment retention behind dams would account for 36% of the natural suspended particulate matter (SPM) flux to the Mediterranean Sea. Our data reveal negative correlation between sediment retention and natural erosion rates among the three Maghreb countries, which can be explained by the greater difficulties to build dams in steep terrains where natural sediment yields are high. Although the lowest sediment retention rates are found in the Moroccan part of the MMB, it is probably here where riverine sediment starvation has the greatest impacts on coastline dynamics. Understanding the impact of dams and related water infrastructures on riverine sediment dynamics is key in arid zones such as the MMB, where global warming is predicted to cause important changes in the climatic conditions and the water availability.

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Section: Economic and Environmental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Anthropogenic degradation in MMB is very high, increasing erosion and enhancing early silting of reservoirs in Morocco [20,26], in Algeria [24,27] and in Tunisia [28]. According to [25], who monitored and evaluated silting in the 230 dams of North Africa, the average capacity loss in these dams can be estimated to about 0.54% year −1 .…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Reservoirs of Various Sizes Trap Most of the Sediment in the Mediterranean Maghreb Basin

Sadaoui

Ludwig

Bourrin

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Facing this shortage of water, Tunisia has developed a strategy of surface water resources mobilization. Consequently, the continuous increase of artificial water systems (reservoirs) has provided a privileged investigation field for limnological research (Ben Mammou and Louati, 2007). Being the first link in the food webs, phytoplankton plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal patterns of viral, microbial and planktonic communities in Sidi Salem: a freshwater reservoir (North of Tunisia)

Romdhane

Bour

Hamza

et al. 2014

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-We investigated the distribution and dynamics of viruses, prokaryotes and small eukaryotic phytoplankton in Sidi Salem freshwater reservoir (Northern Tunisia). Samples were collected from the deepest station at different depths throughout the water column for 2 years (February 2009 to January 2011). The reservoir was characterized by seasonal alternations of thermal stratification and homothermy. Among the different microbial communities counted using flow cytometry (FCM), picocyanobacteria constituted an important autotrophic component since they were always present and their highest concentration reached 3.02 and 2.65 r 10 5 cells.mL x1 in March 2009 and June 2010, respectively. The heterotrophic prokaryotic communities (represented mainly by bacteria) were characterized by a clear separation between two subgroups referred to as high-DNA and low-DNA content populations, and the highest concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria (i.e., 3.8 r 10 7 cells.mL x1 ) were recorded in spring 2009. Several viral groups referred to as virus-like particles (VLP) groups 1, 2 and 3 could also be discriminated using FCM. VLP1 and VLP2 displayed a significant correlation with the heterotrophic bacteria (r = 0.80 and 0.78, P < 0.001) but seem to be independent from picocyanobacteria and/or chlorophyll a, suggesting these VLPs were mainly bacteriophages. At last, the virus to prokaryotic ratio could be high, especially in summer (mean = 22, max = 487), suggesting a strong coupling between bacteria and viruses, at least at certain periods of the year.

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“…In the case of Tunisia, although the problem of capacity loss due to sedimentation has been reported for a long time (Claude and Chartier 1977;Mammou and Louati 2007), according to a hearing of the Direction Générale des Barrages et des Grands Travaux Hydrauliques (DGBG/TH) in the Ministry of Agriculture of Tunisia, which manages all the reservoirs in Tunisia, dredging or other countermeasures have never been done because of financial reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptability of sediment from Joumine reservoir, Tunisia, as a ceramic raw material

Fuji

Tsuchimoto

Takai

et al. 2017

Euro-Mediterr J Environ Integr

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Sediment occupies the storage capacity of reservoirs and reduces the sustainability of the surface water resource. A countermeasure is simply dredging, but this has often not been carried out because of financial reasons, especially in developing countries. One solution is to convert the sediment into a valuable commodity. This study examined the adaptability of the sediment in Joumine reservoir as a ceramic raw material. The sediment particles were plate-like in shape. Their size was around 0.5 lm, which is much smaller than the Japanese traditional ceramic raw material. The appropriate water content for forming was around 34.7%. The shrinkage by drying was 10.73%. The shrinkage by sintering was 0.17, 1.24, 9.35, 14.72, and 16.42% at 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1150°C, respectively. The best sintering temperature was 900°C from the viewpoint of density, porosity, and crystal structure. The shrinkage by sintering is much higher because of the small particle diameter of the sediment. The shrinkage is much higher than that of the common raw materials used in the traditional Japanese ceramic industry, but it is possible to adjust it by mixing at high temperature with a stable material such as sand or grained waste ceramics.

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Évolution temporelle de l’envasement des retenues de barrages de Tunisie

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Anthropogenic Reservoirs of Various Sizes Trap Most of the Sediment in the Mediterranean Maghreb Basin

Anthropogenic Reservoirs of Various Sizes Trap Most of the Sediment in the Mediterranean Maghreb Basin

Seasonal patterns of viral, microbial and planktonic communities in Sidi Salem: a freshwater reservoir (North of Tunisia)

Adaptability of sediment from Joumine reservoir, Tunisia, as a ceramic raw material

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