The epidemiology of carbapenemases worldwide is showing that OXA-48 variants are becoming the predominant carbapenemase type in Enterobacteriaceae in many countries. However, not all OXA-48 variants possess significant activity toward carbapenems (e.g., OXA-163). Two Serratia marcescens isolates with resistance either to carbapenems or to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were successively recovered from the same patient. A genomic comparison using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and automated Rep-PCR typing identified a 97.8% similarity between the two isolates. Both strains were resistant to penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins. The first isolate was susceptible to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, was resistant to carbapenems, and had a significant carbapenemase activity (positive Carba NP test) related to the expression of OXA-48. The second isolate was resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, was susceptible to carbapenems, and did not express a significant imipenemase activity, (negative for the Carba NP test) despite possessing a bla OXA-48 -type gene. Sequencing identified a novel OXA-48-type -lactamase, OXA-405, with a four-amino-acid deletion compared to OXA-48. The bla OXA-405 gene was located on a ca. 46-kb plasmid identical to the prototype IncL/M bla OXA-48 -carrying plasmid except for a ca. 16.4-kb deletion in the tra operon, leading to the suppression of self-conjugation properties. Biochemical analysis showed that OXA-405 has clavulanic acid-inhibited activity toward expanded-spectrum activity without significant imipenemase activity. This is the first identification of a successive switch of catalytic activity in OXA-48-like -lactamases, suggesting their plasticity. Therefore, this report suggests that the first-line screening of carbapenemase producers in Enterobacteriaceae may be based on the biochemical detection of carbapenemase activity in clinical settings.A mbler class D -lactamases (oxacillinases) are widely disseminated among clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria (1). They exhibit a high degree of diversity of hydrolysis activity ranging from narrow to broad-spectrum hydrolysis activity toward -lactams (1). Among the class D -lactamases, several enzymes hydrolyze carbapenems. Most carbapenemhydrolyzing class D -lactamases (CHDLs) are from Acinetobacter spp. (e.g., OXA-23, OXA-40, OXA-58, OXA-143) (2, 3), whereas OXA-48-type enzymes are identified in Enterobacteriaceae only (4). The OXA-48-derived CHDLs have initially been identified in Turkey (5), first in Klebsiella pneumoniae and then in other enterobacterial species (4). The known OXA-48 variants are currently as follows: (i) OXA-162, identified from K. pneumoniae isolates in Turkey (6); (ii) OXA-163, identified from K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates in Argentina (7, 8); (iii) OXA-181, identified from a K. pneumoniae isolate in India (9); (iv) OXA-204, identified from K. pneumoniae isolates in patients having a link with North Africa (10); (v) OXA-232, identified in France from a K. pneumoni...