2009
DOI: 10.1007/s00239-009-9302-x
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Evolutionary Analysis of Mammalian Enamelin, The Largest Enamel Protein, Supports a Crucial Role for the 32-kDa Peptide and Reveals Selective Adaptation in Rodents and Primates

Abstract: Enamelin (ENAM) plays an important role in the mineralization of the forming enamel matrix. We have performed an evolutionary analysis of mammalian ENAM to identify highly conserved residues or regions that could have important function (selective pressure), to predict mutations that could be associated with amelogenesis imperfecta in humans, and to identify possible adaptive evolution of ENAM during 200 million years ago of mammalian evolution. In order to fulfil these objectives, we obtained 36-ENAM sequence… Show more

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Cited by 52 publications
(60 citation statements)
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“…Consistently, we showed here that chicken genome encodes a non-functional enamelin pseudogene and no KLK4 or other KLKs [57]. In the same context, the enamelin gene is present in monotremes [58], and while young animals have rudimentary teeth, adult monotremes lack dentition, and accordingly these animals are characterized by the absence of the KLK4 gene as we could not detected it in platypus (Figure 4). Further, xenathra lack dentition, which renders a KLK4 enzyme unnecessary.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…Consistently, we showed here that chicken genome encodes a non-functional enamelin pseudogene and no KLK4 or other KLKs [57]. In the same context, the enamelin gene is present in monotremes [58], and while young animals have rudimentary teeth, adult monotremes lack dentition, and accordingly these animals are characterized by the absence of the KLK4 gene as we could not detected it in platypus (Figure 4). Further, xenathra lack dentition, which renders a KLK4 enzyme unnecessary.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…The signal peptide sequence displayed an identical length, and 5 residues of the hydrophobic region were unchanged, indicating a strong functional constraint in AMTN secretion. The SP of the other EMPs studied, AMELX and ENAM, were also conserved Al-Hashimi et al, 2009), and this characteristic was shared by all members of the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) family (Kawasaki and Weiss, 2003). The putative casein kinase II phosphorylation site (SXE), already identified in previous studies, was also unchanged in the region encoded by exon 7 (SSE, positions 115-117 in human AMTN), which strongly suggests the crucial importance of this site.…”
Section: Amelotin Is Possibly a Candidate For Amelogenesis Imperfectamentioning
confidence: 77%
“…The distribution of enamel types between the enamel-dentine junction and the enamel surface in an individual tooth ("schmelzmuster") is known to vary along the tooth row (Koenigswald and Clemens 1992;Koenigswald 1997;Mathur and Polly 2000). Positive selection on the stem dugongid branch may have occurred in conjunction with changes in the feeding apparatus that included extensive tooth reduction, i.e., loss of the incisors (except for I1), canines, We also note that the lack of data on the precise relationship between enamel proteins and the structure of mature enamel precludes pinpointing correlations, if they exist, between positively selected sites and enamel or diet (Al-Hashimi et al, 2009). By contrast with the stem dugongid branch, we did not find any evidence for positive selection on the Hydrodamalis gigas branch.…”
Section: Enam Evolutionmentioning
confidence: 95%