Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Congreve, Curtis R.; Krug, Andrew Z.; Patzkowsky, Mark E.

doi:10.1111/pala.12397

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…5C). As documented previously, the Late Ordovician event also did not have large-scale effects on ecosystem structure (e.g., Droser et al 2000; McGhee et al 2004, 2012; Christie et al 2013; Krug and Patzkowsky 2015), although tropical and deep-water taxa were affected disproportionately (Finnegan et al 2012, 2016; Congreve et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination

et al. 2019

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The taxonomic and ecologic composition of Earth's biota has shifted dramatically through geologic time, with some clades going extinct while others diversified. Here, we derive a metric that quantifies the change in biotic composition due to extinction or origination and show that it equals the product of extinction/origination magnitude and selectivity (variation in magnitude among groups). We also define metrics that describe the extent to which a recovery (1) reinforced or reversed the effects of extinction on biotic composition and (2) changed composition in ways uncorrelated with the extinction. To demonstrate the approach, we analyzed an updated compilation of stratigraphic ranges of marine animal genera. We show that mass extinctions were not more selective than background intervals at the phylum level; rather, they tended to drive greater taxonomic change due to their higher magnitudes. Mass extinctions did not represent a separate class of events with respect to either strength of selectivity or effect. Similar observations apply to origination during recoveries from mass extinctions, and on average, extinction and origination were similarly selective and drove similar amounts of biotic change. Elevated origination during recoveries drove bursts of compositional change that varied considerably in effect. In some cases, origination partially reversed the effects of extinction, returning the biota toward the pre-extinction composition; in others, it reinforced the effects of the extinction, magnifying biotic change. Recoveries were as important as extinction events in shaping the marine biota, and their selectivity deserves systematic study alongside that of extinction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination

et al. 2019

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“…In all cases, the addition of the + j parameter (founder-event speciation) improved model fit (Table 1), suggesting that anagenetic dispersal (range expansion) and sympatry (within-area speciation) alone were not sufficient to fully explain the biogeographic patterns within the clade. An improved model fit with the addition of the + j parameter was also observed for Ordovician brachiopod and trilobite species and genera (Lam et al 2018; Censullo and Stigall 2019; Congreve et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Throughout the tree, the majority of speciation is dominated by dispersal, with only one vicariance event occurring within the Cambrian. Interestingly, this clade does not display patterns of alternating vicariance and dispersal events (BIMES) that have been recorded in Ordovician brachiopod and trilobite clades (Stigall et al 2017; Lam et al 2018; Censullo and Stigall 2019; Congreve et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Each model makes different assumptions about which cladogenetic processes are allowed (Matzke 2013), and each model can be modified with an additional + j parameter to model the relative probability of founder-event speciation (or jump dispersal) during cladogenesis (Matzke 2014). This mode of speciation has been found to be important for many extant clades (Matzke 2014;Dupin et al 2017), as well as Ordovician brachiopods and trilobites (Lam et al 2018;Censullo and Stigall 2019;Congreve et al 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the great Ordovician biodiversification event

Lam

Sheffield²,

Matzke³

2020

Paleobiology

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Echinoderms make up a substantial component of Ordovician marine invertebrates, yet their speciation and dispersal history as inferred within a rigorous phylogenetic and statistical framework is lacking. We use biogeographic stochastic mapping (BSM; implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS) to infer ancestral area relationships and the number and type of dispersal events through the Ordovician for diploporan blastozoans and related species. The BSM analysis was divided into three time slices to analyze how dispersal paths changed before and during the great Ordovician biodiversification event (GOBE) and within the Late Ordovician mass extinction intervals. The best-fit biogeographic model incorporated jump dispersal, indicating this was an important speciation strategy. Reconstructed areas within the phylogeny indicate the first diploporan blastozoans likely originated within Baltica or Gondwana. Dispersal, jump dispersal, and sympatry dominated the BSM inference through the Ordovician, while dispersal paths varied in time. Long-distance dispersal events in the Early Ordovician indicate distance was not a significant predictor of dispersal, whereas increased dispersal events between Baltica and Laurentia are apparent during the GOBE, indicating these areas were important to blastozoan speciation. During the Late Ordovician, there is an increase in dispersal events among all paleocontinents. The drivers of dispersal are attributed to oceanic and epicontinental currents. Speciation events plotted against geochemical data indicate that blastozoans may not have responded to climate cooling events and other geochemical perturbations, but additional data will continue to shed light on the drivers of early Paleozoic blastozoan speciation and dispersal patterns.

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“…In particular, McGhee et al (2004) stated that the extinction failed to eliminate any key taxa or evolutionary traits and was of minimal ecological impact. However, recent work (Congreve et al 2019;Scalfani et al 2019) has challenged this perception, suggesting that many groups that survived the Late Ordovician mass extinction nevertheless experienced significant shifts in their morphologies and the course of their evolution. I hope to 2 shed light on this issue by exploring whether Harpetida experienced such a shift following the Late Ordovician mass extinction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death-defying Morphologies: Mass Extinction and Disparity in the Order Harpetida

Beech¹

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Death-defying Morphologies: Mass Extinction and Disparity in the Order Harpetida James Beech The trilobite order Harpetida has long been easily recognized but poorly understood. This study seeks to better understand the phylogenetic relationships within Harpetida, with a view towards using this group to explore the relationship between extinction intensity and disparity. The harpetid response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction is of particular interest. A discrete morphological character matrix was created from the formal descriptions of harpetids in the published trilobite literature, and refined using first-hand observations of harpetid fossils. The final matrix consists of 76 discrete characters, including 69 cephalic characters, three thoracic characters, and four pygidial characters. This matrix is the first attempt of its kind to characterize the morphology of Harpetida as a whole, rather than focusing on individual harpetid genera. Exemplar species from a broad selection of harpetid genera, along with ptychopariid and redlichiid out groups, were included in the matrix. These taxa were coded from published figures and from direct observation of specimens held in the collections of the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. From the matrix, a hypothetical tree of harpetid phylogenetic relationships was generated. The topology of this tree indicates support for harpetid monophyly but throws doubt onto the previous hypotheses of the internal relationships of the group. Disparity analysis of Harpetida reveals a decline in morphological diversity following Late Ordovician, with slow or nonexistent recovery.

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Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction

Cited by 11 publications

References 93 publications

A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination

A framework for the integrated analysis of the magnitude, selectivity, and biotic effects of extinction and origination

Estimating dispersal and evolutionary dynamics in diploporan blastozoans (Echinodermata) across the great Ordovician biodiversification event

Death-defying Morphologies: Mass Extinction and Disparity in the Order Harpetida

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