Evolutionary aspects of a new eating disorder: Orthorexia nervosa in the 21st century

Bóna, Enikő; Túry, Ferenc; Forgács, A

doi:10.5964/psyct.v12i2.356

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…From an evolutionary perspective, Bóna et al [ 91 ] found that some of the orthorexic traits meet the conditions of becoming adaptive drivers of human behavior, whereas others show non-adaptive health behavior tendencies. Indeed, orthorexia may be conceptualized as complex eating behaviors that include pathological and non-pathological health dimensions [ 37 , 89 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)

Rogowska

Kwaśnicka

Ochnik

2021

JCM

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This study aims to develop and validate a new self-report questionnaire to measure orthorexia nervosa (ON). Based on a current review of the scientific literature and interviews with people at risk of orthorexia, 40 items were selected to test orthorexia nervosa (TON-40). A total sample of 767 individuals (M = 26.49, SD = 9.66, 56.98% women) participated in the study. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and composite construct analysis (CCA) were performed to find an appropriate model of sufficient reliability and validity and stable construction. Convergent validation was performed regarding the correlation of the TON-17 with another measure of ON (ORTO-15), eating disorders (the EAT-26 and DEAS), healthy behavior (the HBI), quality of life (the Brief WHOQOL), physical health (the GRSH), anxiety (the GAD-7), depression (the PHQ-9), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (the OCI-R). Gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the medical reasons for a restrictive diet were also examined. As a result of the structural analyses, the number of items was reduced from 40 to 17. The best fit indices of the TON-17 were found for the hierarchical bi-factor model, with three lower-order factors (Control of food quality, Fixation of health and healthy diet, and Disorder symptoms) and one general higher-order factor (Orthorexia). According to the 95th percentile method of estimation, the prevalence of ON was 5.5% for the TON-17 total score. The TON-17 scale and subscales showed good psychometric properties, stability, reliability, and construct validity. The TON-17 indicated a positive relationship with the ORTO-15, EAT-26, DEAS, HBI, OCI-R, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. TON-17 can be considered as a useful tool for assessing the risk of ON.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)

Rogowska

Kwaśnicka

Ochnik

2021

JCM

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“…In this context, ON may be considered as adaptive due to selective healthy eating and its social characteristics (orthorexic behaviours are relevant evolutionary strategies because they can enable earning recognition and honours from others [11]). Therefore, ON may be viewed (tentatively) as a healthy diet protecting one's health but also as a phenomenon having negative influence on health [12], however, this viewpoint should be adopted with some caution, due to the limited number of available studies on these subjects, and should hence be further tested in the future studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) in university students in Spain and Poland, (2) assess differences in ON and eating disorder (ED) pathology in both samples and (3) examine the relationship between ON and ED symptoms among Spanish and Polish university students. Eight hundred and sixty university students participated in the present study (Mage = 21.17 ± 3.38; MBMI = 22.57 ± 3.76). The Spanish and Polish samples comprised 485 and 375 students, respectively. The Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory were used in the present study. ON prevalence rates of 2.3% and 2.9%, respectively, are found in the Spanish and Polish samples. Compared to Polish students, Spanish university students reported increased drive for thinness and lower body dissatisfaction, lower level of ineffectiveness and lower level of interpersonal distrust. ON was positively related to drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism interoceptive awareness (in both Spanish and Polish students) and ineffectiveness (in Spanish students). Our findings suggest that ON significantly overlaps with ED symptoms, which is in line with recent studies. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess how ON develops in a sample of young adults and whether it develops in isolation of or in parallel with ED pathology.

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“…(Alvarenga et al 2012). Furthermore, 51.8% of regular exercisers (Almeida et al 2018) and 27.7% of athletes (Bona et al 2019) reported ON symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Orthorexia Nervosa and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review

Dönmez

2024

Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar

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Orthorexia nervosa is described as a pathological fixation with healthy eating. Many risk factors contribute to the development of orthorexia nervosa. This study aimed to better understand the role of perfectionism in the development of orthorexia nervosa. In this context, studies on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were reviewed. In the databases of PubMed, Wiley Online Library and Sage Journals and were searched. The keywords “orthorexia”, “orthorexia nervosa”, “pathologically healthy eating” and “perfectionism” were used in the search. As a result of the scanning, 17 articles on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism were examined. Studies were evaluated in terms of sample characteristics, study design, orthorexia nervosa measurement tools and study results. The results indicate that orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism are related. In addition, only one study found a weak relationship between ON and perfectionism. However, for more comprehensive findings on the relationship between orthorexia nervosa and perfectionism, cross-cultural studies are needed. Finally, the concept of perfectionism, which is effective in the development of orthorexia nervosa, may be a guide for effective treatment techniques.

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Evolutionary aspects of a new eating disorder: Orthorexia nervosa in the 21st century

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)

Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)

Evaluation of Orthorexia Nervosa and Symptomatology Associated with Eating Disorders among European University Students: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study

Orthorexia Nervosa and Perfectionism: A Systematic Review

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