Evolutionary challenges of extreme environments (part 2)

Waterman, Talbot H.

doi:10.1002/jez.1065

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…However, species that have successfully penetrated such habitats often exhibit novel traits that help them to accommodate such demands [1], [2]. Gobioid fishes found in the streams of many volcanic, oceanic islands provide prominent examples of this pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Novelty versus Exaptation: Oral Kinematics in Feeding versus Climbing in the Waterfall-Climbing Hawaiian Goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni

et al. 2013

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Species exposed to extreme environments often exhibit distinctive traits that help meet the demands of such habitats. Such traits could evolve independently, but under intense selective pressures of extreme environments some existing structures or behaviors might be coopted to meet specialized demands, evolving via the process of exaptation. We evaluated the potential for exaptation to have operated in the evolution of novel behaviors of the waterfall-climbing gobiid fish genus Sicyopterus. These fish use an “inching” behavior to climb waterfalls, in which an oral sucker is cyclically protruded and attached to the climbing surface. They also exhibit a distinctive feeding behavior, in which the premaxilla is cyclically protruded to scrape diatoms from the substrate. Given the similarity of these patterns, we hypothesized that one might have been coopted from the other. To evaluate this, we filmed climbing and feeding in Sicyopterus stimpsoni from Hawai’i, and measured oral kinematics for two comparisons. First, we compared feeding kinematics of S. stimpsoni with those for two suction feeding gobiids (Awaous guamensis and Lentipes concolor), assessing what novel jaw movements were required for algal grazing. Second, we quantified the similarity of oral kinematics between feeding and climbing in S. stimpsoni, evaluating the potential for either to represent an exaptation from the other. Premaxillary movements showed the greatest differences between scraping and suction feeding taxa. Between feeding and climbing, overall profiles of oral kinematics matched closely for most variables in S. stimpsoni, with only a few showing significant differences in maximum values. Although current data cannot resolve whether oral movements for climbing were coopted from feeding, or feeding movements coopted from climbing, similarities between feeding and climbing kinematics in S. stimpsoni are consistent with evidence of exaptation, with modifications, between these behaviors. Such comparisons can provide insight into the evolutionary mechanisms facilitating exploitation of extreme habitats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Novelty versus Exaptation: Oral Kinematics in Feeding versus Climbing in the Waterfall-Climbing Hawaiian Goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni

et al. 2013

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“…However, the remarkable ability of organisms to adapt to life in extreme habitats, from permanent ice of the poles to thermal vents in the deep sea [3], is reflected in diverse organisms that rapidly adapt to novel selective pressures in anthropogenically altered environments [4]. Classic examples of evolution in response to human-induced environmental change include industrial melanism [5], grasses adapting to heavy metal pollution [6] and shifts in plant -insect interactions following changes in land-use practices [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An indigenous religious ritual selects for resistance to a toxicant in a livebearing fish

et al. 2010

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Human-induced environmental change can affect the evolutionary trajectory of populations. In Mexico, indigenous Zoque people annually introduce barbasco, a fish toxicant, into the Cueva del Azufre to harvest fish during a religious ceremony. Here, we investigated tolerance to barbasco in fish from sites exposed and unexposed to the ritual. We found that barbasco tolerance increases with body size and differs between the sexes. Furthermore, fish from sites exposed to the ceremony had a significantly higher tolerance. Consequently, the annual ceremony may not only affect population structure and gene flow among habitat types, but the increased tolerance in exposed fish may indicate adaptation to human cultural practices in a natural population on a very small spatial scale.

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“…En la actualidad ningún ambiente de la superficie de la Tierra está libre, en mayor o menor medida, de la influencia de la Vida. Los organismos ocupan la mayor parte de la superficie terrestre, incluyendo mares y océanos, casi con independencia de su profundidad, y desde hace sólo unas pocas décadas empezamos a comprender algo de su increíble capacidad para colonizar todo tipo de ambientes extremos (Waterman, 1999;2001), y, por tanto, de modificarlos. Desde algas como Cyanidium caldarium que crecen a temperaturas superiores a 55°C y pH próximos a 0 (Seckbach, 1994) hasta holoturias que viven en las profundidades oceánicas a presiones que alcanzan las 110 atmósfe-ras (Kato, 1997), por mencionar únicamente ejemplos de organismos eucariotas, aun cuando el mundo bacteriano abarca un espectro mucho más amplio de ambientes (una exploración de este mundo extremo puede iniciarse en la página web http://www.astrobiology.com/extreme.html).…”

Section: La Relación Entre La Vida Y El Planeta Tierraunclassified

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Morales

Nieto‐Díaz

2006

Estud. geol.

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RESUMENLa presencia y actividad de la Vida han modificado profundamente la Tierra, diferenciándola de todos los demás planetas del Sistema Solar. La interacción entre la Biosfera y la Litosfera ha dejado una huella característica e imborrable en la mayor parte de las capas superficiales de nuestro planeta que se manifiesta en la formación de una capa o geosfera con características diferentes del resto de las capas que componen nuestro planeta. Para esta capa proponemos el término Tafosfera, enfatizando el hecho del enterramiento causante de que materiales originados directa o indirectamente por los organismos pasen a la Litosfera, escapando de la Biosfera. La Tafosfera pretende ser un concepto paleontológico y sedimentológico que plantee un escenario coherente para la comprensión de los procesos tafonómicos que han ocurrido a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra. La Tafosfera se encuentra limitada, por una parte, por su interfase con la Biosfera y, por otra, por las capas de la corteza terrestre que no han sufrido alteraciones biológicas directas. El concepto de Tafosfera suministra un escenario general mucho más coherente y preciso para el conocimiento de la evolución de la Vida y su interacción con la Litosfera que denominaciones procedentes de ámbitos diferentes, tales como «registro fósil» o «corteza terrestre». La Tafosfera incluye la totalidad del Registro fósil, junto con el Registro geológico formado como respuesta a las condiciones bióticas existentes en la superficie terrestre. La entidad del concepto permite distinguir dos génesis diferentes en la formación de la corteza terrestre: una abiótica, en la que los materiales son mayoritariamente basaltos originados en el Manto litosférico y otra biótica, en cuya composición intervienen materiales que, en algún momento de su historia, han residido en la Biosfera.Palabras clave: Tafosfera, Biosfera, Geobiología, Registro fósil. ABSTRACTLife has deeply modified the Earth, making it to differ from any other planet of the Solar System. Biosphere and Lithosphere interaction has changed the surface of our planet leading to the formation of a layer different from any other of the Earth. We propose the term Taphosphere to name this layer, which emphasizes the process of burial responsible of the transference of biologically originated materials from the realm of the Biosphere to the Lithosphere. The Taphosphere aims to be a palaeontological and sedimentological concept establishing a framework for the comprehension of the taphonomical processes recorded throughout the history of the Earth. According to its definition, the Taphosphere is limited, on the one hand, by its interphase with the Biosphere, and, on the other hand, by those layers of the earth crust that have not suffer any direct biologically-mediated alteration. The concept of Taphosphere provides a more precise and coherent framework for the study of the interaction between Life and Lithosphere than previous terms like Fossil Record or Earth Crust. In fact, Taphosphere incorporates the whole Fossil Recor...

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Evolutionary challenges of extreme environments (part 2)

Cited by 24 publications

References 236 publications

Evolutionary Novelty versus Exaptation: Oral Kinematics in Feeding versus Climbing in the Waterfall-Climbing Hawaiian Goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni

Evolutionary Novelty versus Exaptation: Oral Kinematics in Feeding versus Climbing in the Waterfall-Climbing Hawaiian Goby Sicyopterus stimpsoni

An indigenous religious ritual selects for resistance to a toxicant in a livebearing fish

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