Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: the spider<i>Parasteatoda tepidariorum</i>

Hilbrant, Maarten; Damen, Wim G.M.; McGregor, Alistair P.

doi:10.1242/dev.078204

Cited by 70 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, using the example of a specimen presented extensively in this paper, a 4 th instar that undergoes apolysis, considered as a whole, remains a 4 th instar throughout proecdysis, and the pharate 5 th instar constitutes only a part (albeit the predominant part) of this proecdysial 4 th instar. As proposed by Downes (1987), and adopted by others (e.g., Townley and Tillinghast 2009, Wolff and Hilbrant 2011, Hilbrant et al 2012, Mittmann and Wolff 2012, when an embryo hatches, the postembryo is released, and ecdysis in the postembryo, including the discarding of its exuvium (shed exoskeleton), produces the 1 st instar and marks the start of the 1 st stadium. The molt between the postembryonic stage and 1 st stadium is taken to be the 1 st molt (Downes 1987).…”

Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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External studies of spider spinning fields allow us to make inferences about internal silk gland biology, including what happens to silk glands when the spider molts. Such studies often focus on adults, but juveniles can provide additional insight on spinning apparatus development and character polarity. Here we document and describe spinning fields at all stadia in two species of pirate spider (Mimetidae: Australomimetus spinosus, A. djuka). Pirate spiders nest within the ecribellate orb-building spiders (Araneoidea), but are vagrant, araneophagic members that do not build prey-capture webs. Correspondingly, they lack aggregate and flagelliform silk glands (AG, FL), specialized for forming prey-capture lines in araneoid orb webs. However, occasional possible vestiges of an AG or FL spigot, as observed in one juvenile A. spinosus specimen, are consistent with secondary loss of AG and FL. By comparing spigots from one stadium to tartipores from the next stadium, silk glands can be divided into those that are tartipore-accommodated (T-A), and thus functional during proecdysis, and those that are not (non-T-A). Though evidence was more extensive in A. spinosus, it was likely true for both species that the number of non-T-A piriform silk glands (PI) was constant (two pairs) through all stadia, while numbers of T-A PI rose incrementally. The two species differed in that A. spinosus had T-A minor ampullate and aciniform silk glands (MiA, AC) that were absent in A. djuka. First instars of A. djuka, however, appeared to retain vestiges of T-A MiA spigots, consistent with a plesiomorphic state in which T-A MiA (called secondary MiA) are present. T-A AC have not previously been observed in Australomimetus and the arrangement of their spigots on posterior lateral spinnerets was unlike that seen thus far in other mimetid genera. Though new AC and T-A PI apparently form throughout much of a spider's ontogeny, recurring spigot/tartipore arrangements indicated that AC and PI, after functioning during one stadium, were used again in each subsequent stadium (if non-T-A) or in alternate subsequent stadia (if T-A). In A. spinosus, sexual and geographic dimorphisms involving AC were noted. Cylindrical silk gland (CY) spigots were observed in mid-to-late juvenile, as well as adult, females of both species. Their use in juveniles, however, should not be assumed and only adult CY spigots had wide openings typical of mimetids. Neither species exhibited two pairs of modified PI spigots present in some adult male mimetids.

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Section: Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Townley¹,

Harms²

2017

EvolSyst

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“…In particular, two Entelegynae, the central American wandering spider Cupiennius salei and the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (formerly Achaearanea tepidariorum ; chelicerate, arthropod, and metazoan evolution and development (McGregor et al 2008a ;Hilbrant et al 2012 ). More recently, the Haplogynae Pholcus phalangioides has been employed as a satellite model to provide a comparative perspective in spider EvoDevo within Araneomorphae (Pechmann et al 2011 ), and there has also been one comparative gene expression study in a mygalomorph (Pechmann and Prpic 2009 ).…”

Section: Araneae (Spiders)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migrating cumuli have also been noted in Amblypygi (Weygoldt 1975 ), Opiliones (Holm 1947 ;Juberthie 1964 ), possibly in a solifuge (Heymons 1904 ;Holm 1947 ) and most recently in a tick (Santos et al 2013b ). The cumulus has therefore been suggested as belonging to the ground pattern in Chelicerata (Hilbrant et al 2012 ). However, the tick cumulus seems not to express Dpp, but instead, it appears to receive Dpp (Santos et al 2013a , b ).…”

Section: Germ Rudiment Formation and Axis Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelicerata

Schwager

Schönauer

Leite

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3

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“…This success has been facilitated by detailed descriptions of its early embryogenesis (Akiyama- Oda and Oda, 2003;Mittmann and Wolff, 2012), the establishment of tools to study gene expression and gene function (Akiyama- Oda and Oda, 2006;McGregor et al, 2008a;Kanayama et al, 2010;Kanayama et al, 2011;Hilbrant et al, 2012), as well as the availability of embryonic transcriptomic resources (Posnien et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

et al. 2016

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In short-germ arthropods, posterior segments are added sequentially from a segment addition zone (SAZ) during embryogenesis. Studies in spiders such as Parasteatoda tepidariorum have provided insights into the gene regulatory network (GRN) underlying segment addition, and revealed that Wnt8 is required for dynamic Delta (Dl) expression associated with the formation of new segments. However, it remains unclear how these pathways interact during SAZ formation and segment addition. Here, we show that Delta-Notch signalling is required for Wnt8 expression in posterior SAZ cells, but represses the expression of this Wnt gene in anterior SAZ cells. We also found that these two signalling pathways are required for the expression of the spider orthologues of even-skipped (eve) and runt-1 (run-1), at least in part via caudal (cad). Moreover, it appears that dynamic expression of eve in this spider does not require a feedback loop with run-1, as is found in the pair-rule circuit of the beetle Tribolium. Taken together, our results suggest that the development of posterior segments in Parasteatoda is directed by dynamic interactions between Wnt8 and Delta-Notch signalling that are read out by cad, which is necessary but probably not sufficient to regulate the expression of eve and run-1. Our study therefore provides new insights towards better understanding the evolution and developmental regulation of segmentation in other arthropods, including insects.

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Evolutionary crossroads in developmental biology: the spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum

Cited by 70 publications

References 49 publications

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Comparative study of spinning field development in two species of araneophagic spiders (Araneae, Mimetidae, Australomimetus)

Chelicerata

The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

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