Evolutionary disparity in the endoneurocranial configuration between small and gigantic tyrannosauroids

Kundrát, Martin; Xu, Xing; Hančová, Martina; Gajdoš, Andrej; Guo, Yu; Chen, Defeng

doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1518442

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The hindbrain lacks a prominent dorsal dural peak overlying the cerebellum that is found in some other maniraptorans such as Conchoraptor (Kundrát, 2007) and large‐bodied derived tyrannosaurs (Osborn, 1912; Witmer and Ridgely, 2009; Bever et al ., 2011; Brusatte et al ., 2016). The absence of a large dural peak is consistent with another velociraptorine dromaeosaur, T. mangas (personal observation by the authors) and basal tyrannosaurs (Kundrát et al ., 2018); however, it is possible that this portion of the endocast was not preserved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medium‐ and large‐bodied carnivorous theropods (e.g. tyrannosaurids (Witmer and Ridgely, 2009; Bever et al ., 2011; Brusatte et al ., 2016; Kundrát et al ., 2018; McKeown et al ., 2020), abelisaurids (Carabajal and Succar, 2015), carcharodontosaurids (Franzosa and Rowe, 2005; Brusatte and Sereno, 2007; Carabajal and Canale, 2010), megaraptorans (Carabajal and Currie, 2017), and allosaurids (Rogers, 1999; Gleich et al ., 2005)) as well as small and medium‐sized maniraptorans—e.g. oviraptorosaurs (Kundrát, 2007; Balanoff et al ., 2018), therizinosaurs (Lautenschlager et al ., 2012), and others (Walsh et al ., 2009; Zelenitsky et al ., 2011)—have been the focus of neurosensory studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

et al. 2020

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

et al. 2020

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“…For example, the position and shape of a bird-like cerebellum are decoupled. While a linearly arranged brain is characteristic of many reptiles including basal dinosaurs, which is thus regarded as the plesiomorphic condition, modern birds and many late-diverging maniraptoran dinosaurs have acquired more expanded and dorsoventrally exed brain architecture (Kundrát et al 2020). And it has been shown that the increase of brain structure complexity appeared multiple times during the evolution of dinosaurs (Balanoff et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convergent avialan brain morphology in Sinovenator (Troodontidae, Theropoda)

Watanabe

Qin³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Multiple modifications to the skull and brain anatomy occurred along the lineage encompassing bird-line theropod dinosaurs and modern birds. Anatomical changes to the endocranium include an enlarged endocranial cavity, relatively larger optic lobe that implies elevated visual acuity, and proportionately smaller olfactory bulbs that suggests reduced olfaction. Here, we use micro-computed tomographic (CT) imaging to reconstruct the endocranium and its brain structures from an exceptionally well-preserved skull of Sinovenator changii (Troodontidae, Theropoda). While its overall morphology resembles the typical endocranium of other troodontids, Sinovenator also exhibits unique endocranial features that are similar to other paravian taxa and non-maniraptoran theropods. Landmark-based geometric morphometric analysis on endocranial shape of non-avialan and avian dinosaurs points to the overall brain morphology of Sinovenator most closely resembling that of Archaeopteryx, thus indicating convergent evolution of avialan brain morphology in troodontids and wide existence of such architecture in Maniraptora. Institutional abbreviations: IVPP, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China. PMOL, Paleontological Museum of Liaoning, Shenyang 110034, China.

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“…Outgroup selection remains as a challenge for a comparative analysis of tyrannosaurid braincases. Dilong, Guanlong, Stokesosaurus, Timurlengia, Xiongguanlong, and potentially Yutyrannus provide information for external braincase morphology and some internal reconstructions (Chure and Madsen 1998;Xu et al 2004Xu et al , 2006Xu et al , 2012Li et al 2010;Brusatte et al 2016;Kundrát et al 2020). Beyond tyrannosauroids, Ornithomimus is the phylogenetically closest plesiomorphic taxon published with extensive internal reconstruction (Tahara and Larsson 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Alioramus, Dilong, and other coelurosaurs in general, the flocculus is oval and subcircular in cross section, and extends well past the anterior semicircular canal and into the loop of the posterior semicircular canal (Currie and Zhao 1993b;Lautenschlager et al 2012;Bever et al 2013;Balanoff et al 2014;King et al 2020;Kundrát et al 2020). Generally, the relative size of the flocculus negatively correlates with body size among theropods.…”

Section: Hindbrain and Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 98%

Two braincases of Daspletosaurus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae): anatomy and comparison¹

et al. 2021

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For sheer complexity, braincases are generally considered anatomically conservative. However, recent research on the braincases of tyrannosaurids have revealed extensive morphological variations. This line of inquiry has its root in Dale Russell’s review of tyrannosaurids in which he established Daspletosaurus torosus — a large tyrannosaurine from the Campanian of southern Alberta. In the wake of systematic revisions to tyrannosaurines previously assigned to Daspletosaurus, one potentially distinct species remains undescribed. This paper describes and compares a braincase referable to this species with that of the holotype for Daspletosaurus torosus using computerized-tomography-based reconstructions. The two braincases have numerous differences externally and internally. The specimen of Daspletosaurus sp. has a bottlenecked olfactory tract, short and vertical lagena, and a developed ascending column of the anterior tympanic recess. The holotype of Daspletosaurus torosus has many unusual traits, including an anteriorly positioned trochlear root, elongate common carotid canal, distinct chamber of the basisphenoid recess, asymmetry in the internal basipterygoid aperture, and laterally reduced but medially expanded subcondylar recess. This comparison also identified characters that potentially unite the two species of Daspletosaurus, including deep midbrain flexures in the endocasts. However, many character variations in the braincases are known in other tyrannosaurids to correlate with body size and maturity, or represent individual variations. Therefore, taxonomic and phylogenetic signals can be isolated from background variations in a more comprehensive approach by using additional specimens. New information on the two braincases of Daspletosaurus is consistent with the emerging view of tyrannosaurid braincases as highly variable, ontogenetically dynamic character complexes.

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Evolutionary disparity in the endoneurocranial configuration between small and gigantic tyrannosauroids

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

Convergent avialan brain morphology in Sinovenator (Troodontidae, Theropoda)

Two braincases of Daspletosaurus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae): anatomy and comparison¹

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Evolutionary disparity in the endoneurocranial configuration between small and gigantic tyrannosauroids

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

The endocranium and trophic ecology of Velociraptor mongoliensis

Convergent avialan brain morphology in Sinovenator (Troodontidae, Theropoda)

Two braincases of Daspletosaurus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae): anatomy and comparison1

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Two braincases of Daspletosaurus (Theropoda: Tyrannosauridae): anatomy and comparison¹