Evolutionary dynamics of 5S rDNA location in acridid grasshoppers and its relationship with H3 histone gene and 45S rDNA location

Abstract

We analyze the chromosomal location of 5S rDNA clusters in 29 species of grasshoppers belonging to the family Acrididae. There was extensive variation among species for the number and location of 5S rDNA sites. Out of 148 sites detected, 75% were proximally located, 21.6% were interstitial, and only 3.4% were distal. The number of 5S rDNA sites per species varied from a single chromosome pair (in six species) to all chromosome pairs (in five species), with a range of intermediate situations. Thirteen chromosomes from eight species carried two 5S rDNA clusters. At intraspecific level, differences among populations were detected in Eyprepocnemis plorans, and some heteromorphisms have also been observed in some species. Double FISH for 5S rDNA and H3 histone gene DNA, performed on 17 of these 29 species, revealed that both markers are sometimes placed in a same chromosome but at different location, whereas they appeared to co-localize in five species (Calliptamus barbarus, Heteracris adpersa, Aiolopus strepens, Oedipoda charpentieri and O. coerulescens). Double fiber-FISH in A. strepens and O. coerulescens showed that the two DNAs are closely interspersed with variable relative amounts of both classes of DNA. Finally, no correlation was observed between the number of 5S and 45S rDNA clusters in 23 species where this information was available. These results are discussed in the light of possible mechanisms of spread that led to the extensive variation in the number of clusters observed for both rDNA types in acridid grasshoppers.

Construction and Characterization of a Repetitive DNA Library in Parodontidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes): A Genomic and Evolutionary Approach to the Degeneration of the W Sex Chromosome

“…4C). A. hasemani contains terminal sites on pairs 2, Z, 5,8,12,13,18,20,24,26,27 and at the terminal region on the short arm of the W chromosome (Fig. 4D).…”

“…However, reassociation kinetics based on C o t-1 DNA and the microdissection of chromosomes submitted to C-banding and the subsequent amplification of heterochromatic sequences using degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used successfully. [9][10][11][12][13][14] The Parodontidae is a Neotropical fish group that is divided into three genera: Parodon, Apareiodon, and Saccodon. 15 Cytogenetic studies reported a conserved diploid number of 54 chromosomes in Parodontidae with distinctive karyotype formulae and numerical/position variation of 18S and 5S rDNA sites.…”

Physical mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA loci and histone H3 gene in grasshopper species of the subfamily Gomphocerinae (Acrididae)

“…In contrast, studies of 5S rDNA sites in 14 species showed that they are present on more than one chromosome pair in 99.8% of cases; the only exceptions were Chorthippus apicalis and Stauroderus scalaris in which signals are limited to chromosome pairs 6 and 3, respectively (Loreto et al, 2008;Cabral-de-Mello et al, 2011a). These studies show the variation in dispersion of rDNA sequences, which in most species are present on two to five chromosome pairs.…”

“…Molecular cytogenetic studies using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes, such as rDNA and histone genes, have been carried out on many grasshopper species, particularly of the family Acrididae Loreto et al, 2008;Cabrero et al, 2009;Cabral-de-Mello et al, 2011a;Oliveira et al, 2011;Rocha et al, 2011;Jetybayev et al, 2012;Bueno et al, 2013;Palacios-Gimenez et al, 2013). The objective of physical mapping of these and other repetitive DNA sequences is to provide information on chromosome structure and gene distributions in a range of species that would serve as a basis for phylogenetic studies Cabrero et al, 2009;Cabral-de-Mello et al, 2011a,b;Jetybayev et al, 2012).…”

5S rRNA Gene Arrangements in Protists: A Case of Nonadaptive Evolution

“…Furthermore, a large variety of 5S rRNA gene linkages are also found in multicellular eukaryotes. This includes linkages to ribosomal rRNA genes in land plant, nematode, spider and crustacean species, linkages to SL genes in nematode and hydrozoan species and linkages to histone and/or snRNA genes in fish, crustacean, insect and mollusk species (reviewed in Drouin and Moniz de Sá 1995; Pelliccia et al 2001;Eirín-López et al 2004;Cross and Rebordinos 2005;Manchado et al 2006;Derelle et al 2010;Cabral-de-Mello et al 2011;Vierna et al 2011;Wicke et al 2011). The fact that 5S rRNA genes are sometimes found linked to a variety of other genes argues against the linkage of 5S rRNA genes and ribosomal RNA genes being the primitive condition not only in protists but also in other eukaryote species.…”