Evolutionary ecology of <i>Datura stramonium</i>: equal plant fitness benefits of growth and resistance against herbivory

Valverde, Pedro Luis; Fornoni, Juan; Núñez‐Farfán, Juan

doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2003.00482.x

Cited by 44 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The relation of growth and resistance in those plant species might rather follow physiological constraints, as predicted by the growth-rate hypothesis. For these reasons, our results are in line with recent suggestions that fast growth and constitutive resistance are not necessarily alternative strategies (27,29,30).…”

Section: Constitutive and Induced Resistance In Relation To Relative supporting

confidence: 92%

“…It has been suggested that the tradeoff between growth and constitutive resistance should not hold if resistance is provided by low-cost, qualitative compounds (27). In addition, it is assumed that fast-growing species, if they have any antiherbivore resistance at all, accumulate low concentrations of highly potent, qualitative compounds (e.g., alkaloids, cardenolides, glucosinolates), which are mainly effective against generalist herbivores, such as our bioassay caterpillar.…”

Section: Constitutive and Induced Resistance In Relation To Relative mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Kempel

Schädler

Chrobock

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

219

193

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Several prominent hypotheses have been posed to explain the immense variability among plant species in defense against herbivores. A major concept in the evolutionary ecology of plant defenses is that tradeoffs of defense strategies are likely to generate and maintain species diversity. In particular, tradeoffs between constitutive and induced resistance and tradeoffs relating these strategies to growth and competitive ability have been predicted. We performed three independent experiments on 58 plant species from 15 different plant families to address these hypotheses in a phylogenetic framework. Because evolutionary tradeoffs may be altered by human-imposed artificial selection, we used 18 wild plant species and 40 cultivated garden-plant species. Across all 58 plant species, we demonstrate a tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance, which was robust to accounting for phylogenetic history of the species. Moreover, the tradeoff was driven by wild species and was not evident for cultivated species. In addition, we demonstrate that more competitive species-but not fast growing ones-had lower constitutive but higher induced resistance. Thus, our multispecies experiments indicate that the competition-defense tradeoff holds for constitutive resistance and is complemented by a positive relationship of competitive ability with induced resistance. We conclude that the studied genetically determined tradeoffs are indeed likely to play an important role in shaping the high diversity observed among plant species in resistance against herbivores and in life history traits.comparative experimental study | phylogenetic corrections | plant defense theory | plant-insect interaction | Spodoptera littoralis G iven that green plants are the ultimate source of energy for most other organisms, it is not surprising that plants evolved a variety of resistance strategies, which can be constitutively expressed or induced after damage (1). Although herbivory selects for enhanced plant resistance, plants vary greatly in their resistance, both among species (2) and among genotypes within species (3). This indicates that being well defended may not always be the best strategy-most likely because allocation to resistance may physiologically constrain other investments (reviewed in refs. 4 and 5) and because constraints on resource allocation may produce negative genetic correlations between resistance mechanisms and other life-history traits (6-8). The current assumption in evolutionary ecology is that such tradeoffs contribute to the generation and maintenance of species diversity (8).Several hypotheses on tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced resistance have been formulated. Among the most fundamental ones is the long-predicted tradeoff between constitutive and induced resistance itself (6, 9). This hypothesis is derived from the idea that resistance is costly and that a species already well defended by high constitutive resistance will benefit only negligibly by further induced resistance (1, 10). However, genera...

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Section: Constitutive and Induced Resistance In Relation To Relative supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Constitutive and Induced Resistance In Relation To Relative mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Kempel

Schädler

Chrobock

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

219

193

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“…Several experimental studies have tested some of the predictions made by these theoretical analyses (Simms and Triplett 1994;Fineblum and Rausher 1995;Mauricio et al 1997;Stowe 1998;Agrawal et al 1999;Tiffin and Rausher 1999 ). For instance, previous models for the joint evolution of tolerance and resistance have suggested that they represent two alternative evolutionary strategies of defense (Fineblum and Rausher 1995;Mauricio et al 1997;Roy and Kirchner 2000;Valverde et al 2003). Specifically, these models predict a fitness landscape with two adaptive peaks, one corresponding to complete tolerance and the other to complete resistance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experimental studies have tested some of the predictions made by these theoretical analyses (Simms and Triplett 1994;Fineblum and Rausher 1995;Mauricio et al 1997;Stowe 1998;Agrawal et al 1999;Tiffin and Rausher 1999;Fornoni and Núñ ez-Farfán 2000;Pilson 2000;Roy and Kirchner 2000;Stinchcombe 2002;Fornoni et al 2003bFornoni et al , 2004Valverde et al 2003). Results of these empirical investigations often do not support theoretical expectations (Mauricio 2000;Bergelson et al 2001;Fornoni et al 2003aFornoni et al , 2004.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution of Mixed Strategies of Plant Defense Allocation Against Natural Enemies

et al. 2004

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Abstract. In this study we present a simple optimization model for the evolution of defensive strategies (tolerance and resistance) of plants against their natural enemies. The model specifically evaluates the consequences of introducing variable costs and benefits of tolerance and resistance and nonlinear cost-and-benefit functions for tolerance and resistance. Incorporating these assumptions, the present model of plant defense predicts different evolutionary scenarios, not expected by previous work. Basically, the presence of an adaptive peak corresponding to intermediate levels of allocation to tolerance and resistance can arise when the shape parameter of the cost function is higher than the corresponding of the benefit function. The presence of two alternatives peaks of maximum tolerance and maximum resistance occurs only when benefits of tolerance and resistance interact less than additive. Finally, the presence of one peak of maximum resistance or maximum tolerance depends on the relative values of the magnitude of costs for tolerance and resistance. An important outcome of our model is that under a plausible set of conditions, variable costs of tolerance and resistance can represent an important aspect involved in the maintenance of intermediate levels of tolerance and resistance, and in favoring adaptive divergence in plant defensive strategies among populations. The model offers a framework for future theoretical and empirical work toward understanding spatial variation in levels of allocation to different defensive strategies.Key words. Evolutionarily stable strategy, host-pathogen interaction, plant-herbivore interaction, resistance, tolerance. During the last decade, the understanding of plant-enemy interactions has benefited by the incorporation into models of a ubiquitous type of defense (i.e., tolerance). Tolerance has been defined as the ability of a plant genotype to reduce the negative effects of consumers (e.g., herbivores, pathogens) on plant fitness (Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994;Strauss and Agrawal 1999;Stowe et al. 2000;Fornoni et al. 2003a). Unlike resistance (i.e., the ability of a plant to reduce the attack of natural enemies), tolerance is not believed to negatively affect the success of herbivore or pathogen populations (Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994;Fay et al. 1996; Roy and Kichner 2000;Tiffin 2000a;Restif and Koella 2003; but see Stinchcombe 2002). Consequently, the evolution of tolerance can limit antagonistic coevolution between plants and their enemies, whereas the evolution of resistance prolongs such coevolutionary outcome (Rausher 2001).The joint evolution of plant tolerance and resistance to natural enemies has attracted substantial theoretical attention over the last decade (Rosenthal and Kotanen 1994;Fineblum and Rausher 1995;Strauss and Agrawal 1999;Mauricio 2000;Roy and Kirchner 2000;Stowe et al. 2000;Tiffin 2000a;Restif andKoella 2003, 2004;Fornoni et al. 2003a). Several experimental studies have tested some of the predictions made by these theoretical analyses (Simms and T...

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“…Flowers last 1 day, opening at dusk followed shortly after by anthesis and the stigma matures some hours later (Núñez-Farfán et al 1996), and shortly after midday on the next day, the corolla wilts. Flowers are born singly, and usually a mature plant bears no more than two open flowers simultaneously but may produce over 20 flowers in its lifespan, and each plant can produce several hundreds of seeds (cf, Valverde et al 2003;van Kleunen et al 2007).…”

Section: Study Species and Fitness Surrogatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal colonization does not affect tolerance to defoliation of an annual herb in different light availability and soil fertility treatments but increases flower size in light-rich environments

Aguilar-Chama

Guevara

2011

Oecologia

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Heterogeneous distribution of resources in most plant populations results in a mosaic of plant physiological responses tending to maximize plant fitness. This includes plant responses to trophic interactions such as herbivory and mycorrhizal symbiosis which are concurrent in most plants. We explored fitness costs of 50% manual defoliation and mycorrhizal inoculation in Datura stramonium at different light availability and soil fertility environments in a greenhouse experiment. Overall, we showed that non-inoculated and mycorrhiza-inoculated plants did not suffer from 50% manual defoliation in all the tested combinations of light availability and soil fertility treatments, while soil nutrients and light availability predominately affected plant responses to the mycorrhizal inoculation. Fifty percent defoliation had a direct negative effect on reproductive traits whereas mycorrhiza-inoculated plants produced larger flowers than non-inoculated plants when light was not a limiting factor. Although D. stramonium is a facultative selfing species, other investigations had shown clear advantages of cross-pollination in this species; therefore, the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation on flower size observed in this study open new lines of inquiry for our understanding of plant responses to trophic interactions. Also in this study, we detected shifts in the limiting resources affecting plant responses to trophic interactions.

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Evolutionary ecology of Datura stramonium: equal plant fitness benefits of growth and resistance against herbivory

Cited by 44 publications

References 76 publications

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Tradeoffs associated with constitutive and induced plant resistance against herbivory

Evolution of Mixed Strategies of Plant Defense Allocation Against Natural Enemies

Mycorrhizal colonization does not affect tolerance to defoliation of an annual herb in different light availability and soil fertility treatments but increases flower size in light-rich environments

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