Evolutionary Genetics of Crop-Wild Complexes

Cortés, Andrés J.; Cornille, Amandine; Yockteng, Roxana

doi:10.3390/genes13010001

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Hass scion phenotype, which has been reported to impact a wide spectrum of harvest and quality traits beyond the total number of fruits (up to 44%), such as number of fruits with exportation quality, as well as those discarded because of low weight or thrips” damage. The feasibility to harness “criollo” seedling diversity within a rootstock-breeding program reinforces the utility of native avocado trees to source cryptic genetic variation and adaptive potential ( Cortés and López-Hernández, 2021 ), ultimately counterbalancing the winnowing effect ( Cortés et al, 2022 ) of clonal rootstocks and scions on genetic variation in fruit tree plantations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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Grafting induces precocity and maintains clonal integrity in fruit tree crops. However, the complex rootstock × scion interaction often precludes understanding how the tree phenotype is shaped, limiting the potential to select optimum rootstocks. Therefore, it is necessary to assess (1) how seedling progenies inherit trait variation from elite ‘plus trees’, and (2) whether such family superiority may be transferred after grafting to the clonal scion. To bridge this gap, we quantified additive genetic parameters (i.e., narrow sense heritability—h2, and genetic-estimated breeding values—GEBVs) across landraces, “criollo”, “plus trees” of the super-food fruit tree crop avocado (Persea americanaMill.), and their open-pollinated (OP) half-sib seedling families. Specifically, we used a genomic best linear unbiased prediction (G-BLUP) model to merge phenotypic characterization of 17 morpho-agronomic traits with genetic screening of 13 highly polymorphic SSR markers in a diverse panel of 104 avocado “criollo” “plus trees.” Estimated additive genetic parameters were validated at a 5-year-old common garden trial (i.e., provenance test), in which 22 OP half-sib seedlings from 82 elite “plus trees” served as rootstocks for the cv. Hass clone. Heritability (h2) scores in the “criollo” “plus trees” ranged from 0.28 to 0.51. The highesth2values were observed for ribbed petiole and adaxial veins with 0.47 (CI 95%0.2–0.8) and 0.51 (CI 0.2–0.8), respectively. Theh2scores for the agronomic traits ranged from 0.34 (CI 0.2–0.6) to 0.39 (CI 0.2–0.6) for seed weight, fruit weight, and total volume, respectively. When inspecting yield variation across 5-year-old grafted avocado cv. Hass trees with elite OP half-sib seedling rootstocks, the traits total number of fruits and fruits’ weight, respectively, exhibitedh2scores of 0.36 (± 0.23) and 0.11 (± 0.09). Our results indicate that elite “criollo” “plus trees” may serve as promissory donors of seedling rootstocks for avocado cv. Hass orchards due to the inheritance of their outstanding trait values. This reinforces the feasibility to leverage natural variation from “plus trees”viaOP half-sib seedling rootstock families. By jointly estimating half-sib family effects and rootstock-mediated heritability, this study promises boosting seedling rootstock breeding programs, while better discerning the consequences of grafting in fruit tree crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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“…We envision these various actors converging across the middle Cauca river territory in order to concert initiatives that contribute generating within five to ten years a positive impact on the most marginalized communities such as victims of the conflict, displaced families and undernourished native communities [38], all of which are currently being affected by the construction of the Hidroituango Hydroelectric dam [25]. Improved genetic resources such as Liborino yellow bean will ultimately stimulate food security [41] and the economical maturity of these rural communities, as part of a broader Colombian bioeconomy strategy [47] to assess, conserve and utilize crop and wild [47,48] agrobiodiversity in the service of (1) exotic parental section [49] for interspecific hybridization schemes [50,51], (2) conservation of local [52] environmental adaptation [53], allelic and haplotype diversity [54] and broad climate change thermal responses [55], and (3) sustainable agricultural development [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotype Selection, and Seed Uniformity and Multiplication to Ensure Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Liborino

et al. 2022

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Seed uniformity and stability testing, and multiplication, are key steps in the seed supply chain of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and other crops. Optimizing agronomical practices in these phases can ultimately ensure seed quality and availability, and germplasm prospective utilization. However, farmers have rarely standardized seed testing and propagation protocols in local common bean landraces conserved in situ. An example of this is the Liborino variety (var.), a promising yellow Andean common bean known for its presumably high digestibility and adaptation to the local conditions of the Cauca river canyon (northwest Andes of Colombia), but likely experiencing genetic erosion after decades of suboptimal propagation. Therefore, this work intended to evaluate and select locally adapted genotypes of common bean var. Liborino for commercial use, to be later multiplied, evaluated by participatory breeding, and eventually shared with farmers. Specifically, we evaluated 44 accessions of var. Liborino common bean in six adaption and yield field trials in the Cauca river canyon at 1100 and 1400 m a.s.l, and in AGROSAVIA’s “La Selva” research station at 2100 m a.s.l. In parallel, we carried out standardized seed multiplication of a Liborino genotype using best practices to guarantee uniformity and stability. From the 44 accessions, nine were well adapted to the tested local conditions. Four of these accessions exhibited a bush type growth habit, while the remaining five were climbers. The trials revealed maximum average extrapolated yields of up to 1169.4 ± 228.4 kg ha−1 for the bush types (G8152) and up to 1720.0 ± 588.4 kg ha−1 for the climbers (G51018), both at 2100 m a.s.l. Three climbing accessions matched farmers’ expectations for seed coat color and shape, according to a participatory selection exercise. Uniform and stable seed of the selected genotype was delivered in 2022 to 39 farmers, ~6.5 kg of seeds per farmer. Our results will allow implementing bean genetic improvement pipelines, promoting var. Liborino commercialization, and boosting the economic and sustainable development of the rural communities in the Cauca river canyon. Seed uniformity testing and multiplication pipelines must be extended to other bean landraces conserved in situ.

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“…Landraces have previously been recognised as an important genetic resource to reveal adaptation to traits such as high soil boron in wheat [21], aluminium tolerance in barley [22], manganese (Mn) deficiency in barley [23], and phosphorus efficiency in rice [24]. However, the potential of landrace collections has not been fully harnessed in modern plant breeding [6,[25][26][27][28]. Exploiting the genetic control that has evolved through adaptation to distinct geographical zones will help in planning more effective breeding strategies for crop production in marginal environments and in reintroducing beneficial traits.…”

Section: Landscape Genomics Can Add a New Dimension By Modelling Pote...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heritage genetics for adaptation to marginal soils in barley

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Booth

et al. 2023

Trends in Plant Science

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Evolutionary Genetics of Crop-Wild Complexes

Abstract: Since Darwin’s time, the role of crop wild relatives (CWR), landraces, and cultivated genepools in shaping plant diversity and boosting food resources has been a major question [...]

Cited by 9 publications

References 53 publications

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Inheritance of Yield Components and Morphological Traits in Avocado cv. Hass From “Criollo” “Elite Trees” via Half-Sib Seedling Rootstocks

Genotype Selection, and Seed Uniformity and Multiplication to Ensure Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Liborino

Heritage genetics for adaptation to marginal soils in barley

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