Evolutionary history of ergot with a new infrageneric classification (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae: Claviceps)

Píchová, Kamila; Pažoutová, Sylvie; Kostovčík, Martin; Chudíčková, Milada; Stodůlková, Eva; Novák, Petr; Flieger, Miroslav; Linde, Elna van der; Kolařík, Miroslav

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.02.013

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ergochrome production in ergot fungi seems to be limited to the section Claviceps [1]. This section, represented by C. purpurea s. l. , is the most widely distributed section of the genus Claviceps and infects the largest number of host plants [1,2]. Due to its cosmopolitan distribution with over 400 potential hosts, including many economically important crops such as rye, wheat, triticale, and barley, the EFSA has selected C. purpurea s. l. to be the focus of chemical analysis for food safety concerns [7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SAA is also a highly potent non-host specific phytotoxine acting as a possible virulence factor of Pyrenophora terrestris [28]. Interestingly, the whole section Claviceps , which is unique due to the presence of ECs, also has an extraordinary broad host range [1]. This suggests that ECs could potentially play some role in the virulence cycle, but are surely not essential for it, as was shown in infections test with mutant C. purpurea strains with blocked ECs synthesis [39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulverized sclerotia (1–10 mg) were mixed with extraction mixture dichloromethane and concentrated ammonia (500:1, v : v , 0.5–2.0 mL) and gently stirred for 1 h. Supernatant was separated by centrifugation and kept in the freezer until use. The same HPLC instrumentation and method as published earlier [1] was used for the analysis of EAs and ECs in sclerotia of all C. purpurea s.s. analyzed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ergot, the genus Claviceps (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) includes obligate plant parasitic fungi that develop in the ovary of grasses (including cereals), sedges, and rushes and form sclerotia containing toxins. The famous rye ergot, Claviceps purpurea , is a member of the section Claviceps which is specified by the production of highly toxic ergopeptines [1]. Recently it has been shown, that C. purpurea sensu lato ( s. l. ) is a complex of four cryptic species with different host grass spectra.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ergochromes: Heretofore Neglected Side of Ergot Toxicity

Flieger

Stodůlková

Wyka

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Ergot, fungal genus Claviceps, are worldwide distributed grass pathogens known for their production of toxic ergot alkaloids (EAs) and the great agricultural impact they have on both cereal crop and farm animal production. EAs are traditionally considered as the only factor responsible for ergot toxicity. Using broad sampling covering 13 ergot species infecting wild or agricultural grasses (including cereals) across Europe, USA, New Zealand, and South Africa we showed that the content of ergochrome pigments were comparable to the content of EAs in sclerotia. While secalonic acids A–C (SAs), the main ergot ergochromes (ECs), are well known toxins, our study is the first to address the question about their contribution to overall ergot toxicity. Based on our and published data, the importance of SAs in acute intoxication seems to be negligible, but the effect of chronic exposure needs to be evaluated. Nevertheless, they have biological activities at doses corresponding to quantities found in natural conditions. Our study highlights the need for a re-evaluation of ergot toxicity mechanisms and further studies of SAs’ impact on livestock production and food safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%