Evolutionary Optimization of Antennas for Structural Health Monitoring

Mair, Dominik; Fischer, Moritz; Konzilia, Julian; Renzler, Michael; Ussmueller, Thomas

doi:10.1109/access.2023.3235896

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Moreover, it was found that, presence of bitch of steel bars within the concrete has effect on wireless communication, with the effect varying with the width of the bars [58]. An optimized antenna embedded in concrete for SHM was designed and tested in [59]. The antenna operates in UHF and was tested over a wide range of electrical properties and achieved a reflection coefficient of -13dB, and a gain of -8.4dBi, at concrete water content of 4.2%.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges

Mahenge,

Sinde,

Dida

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) is considered an optimal and environmentally friendly solution for energizing sensor devices and prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Despite being studied and experimented in several environments where WSNs are used, studies and experiments related to RFEH in underground wireless systems are limited to near-field wireless power transfer (WPT), measurement of received signal strength, and current conduction. The goal of this study is to examine the possibilities and challenges of actualizing RFEH in wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs). A radio-frequency (RF) spectral survey was conducted, and a comparison was performed with similar surveys conducted worldwide to determine the generally available ambient RF energy. Using the aboveground to underground (AG2UG) RF communication model, the signal path loss was analyzed under varying conditions. By relating the ambient RF power and AG2UG signal path loss, it was found nearly impossible to harvest ambient RF energy with the harvesting antenna buried within the soil, as the best-case environment will require a rectenna with sensitivity of at least -62.75dBm. However ambient RF energy can be harvested when the harvesting antenna is in free space, while the other components are underground and will require a high sensitivity of at least -40 dBm. Another possibility for underground RFEH is the use of a dedicated WPT device located 1m above the ground, transmitting at 20 dBm with the RF energy harvester 30 cm below the soil surface with a sensitivity of at least -30 dBm.INDEX TERMS Internet of Underground Things (IoUT), Radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH), wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs).

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges

Mahenge,

Sinde,

Dida

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In addition to the difficulty of installing sensors in the field [142], many sensors used in construction, such as load cells, strain gauges, and accelerometers, are susceptible to non-linear response and hysteresis [143]. Sensors embedded in structures or used in geotechnical applications are sensitive to mechanical stress, which can degrade their performance or cause failure over time [144].…”

Section: The Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors in Civil Engineering: From Existing Gaps to Quantum Opportunities

Kantsepolsky,

Aviv

2024

Smart Cities

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The vital role of civil engineering is to enable the development of modern cities and establish foundations for smart and sustainable urban environments of the future. Advanced sensing technologies are among the instrumental methods used to enhance the performance of civil engineering infrastructures and address the multifaceted challenges of future cities. Through this study, we discussed the shortcomings of traditional sensors in four primary civil engineering domains: construction, energy, water, and transportation. Then, we investigated and summarized the potential of quantum sensors to contribute to and revolutionize the management of civil engineering infrastructures. For the water sector, advancements are expected in monitoring water quality and pressure in water and sewage infrastructures. In the energy sector, quantum sensors may facilitate renewables integration and improve grid stability and buildings’ energy efficiency. The most promising progress in the construction field is the ability to identify subsurface density and underground structures. In transportation, these sensors create many fresh avenues for real-time traffic management and smart mobility solutions. As one of the first-in-the-field studies offering the adoption of quantum sensors across four primary domains of civil engineering, this research establishes the basis for the discourse about the scope and timeline for deploying quantum sensors to real-world applications towards the quantum transformation of civil engineering.

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“…Previous work by the authors of this publication, focused on the design of RFID‐antennas with small dimensions [16], or on the optimisation of antennas embedded in material with varying electrical properties [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of pixelated antennas employing shifted cross‐shaped elements

Mair

Renzler

Unterladstaetter

et al. 2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

Self Cite

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This article presents a detailed analysis of pixelated antennas employing shifted cross‐shaped elements optimised by evolutionary algorithms. Although, the size and number of the involved pixels, as well as the overall antenna size strongly influence performance of such antennas, detailed investigations on the interplay of geometrical considerations and their influence on parameters such as gain are missing from literature. Thus, the influence of various geometrical parameters on the performance of pixelated antennas for the first time, resulting in valuable design considerations is presented in this study. A maximum cross size could be found, for which an optimisation is viable. Based on this, a dataset consisting of 400 pixelated antennas was created, for different pixel‐ and antenna sizes and investigated certain parameters such as bandwidth and antenna gain. Most notably, a directly proportional dependence from the pixel‐on the antenna size for the optimisation of electrically large antennas was found. For small antennas, this dependency begins to deviate, leading to the fact that smaller pixels are needed to successfully optimise an antenna. Furthermore, the authors find that multi‐objective optimisation is a necessity to optimise matched antennas with a defined bandwidth and gain. The antenna gain shows a dependency on the cross size for electrically small antennas. From these results, design considerations for pixelated antennas can be derived. In addition to the extensive simulations, the dataset was verified in laboratory measurements.

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Evolutionary Optimization of Antennas for Structural Health Monitoring

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges

Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting for Underground Sensor Nodes: Possibilities and Challenges

Sensors in Civil Engineering: From Existing Gaps to Quantum Opportunities

Performance analysis of pixelated antennas employing shifted cross‐shaped elements

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