Evolutionary Origin, Proximate Causal Organization and Signal Value of the Whistle-Shake-Display of Male Shelducks (Tadorna Tadorna)

Düttmann, Heinz; Groothuis, Ton G. G.

doi:10.1163/156853996x00233

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This confirms the findings of Dü ttmann & Groothuis (1996) that this display is not emancipated from the causal factors controlling its presumed evolutionary precursor. In spring, when birds exclusively perform the Whistle-shake, this display is sensitive to social stimulation (Dü ttmann & Groothuis 1996). We showed that in summer, when the birds mainly perform the Body-shake, social stimulation neither influenced the frequency of Body-shakes nor induced Whistle-shakes (experiment II).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…So, although the Whistle-shake is sensitive to comfort stimulation in spring as the Body-shake is in summer (experiment I), the Body-shake is not sensitive to social stimulation in summer (experiment II), in contrast to the Whistle-shake in spring (Dü ttmann & Groothuis 1996). Owing to a possible strong effect of season, constraining the performance of Whistle-shakes in summer, the influence of social stimulation on the Whistle-shake could not be assessed reliably during this period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Form analysis suggests that the Whistle-shake display in male shelducks has been phylogenetically derived from the Body-shake, a comfort movement (Dü ttmann & Groothuis 1996). Since the Body-shake can easily be manipulated by external stimuli such as artificial rain, the Whistleshake is an excellent model to investigate whether, during the course of evolution, the derived pattern has been emancipated from the original causal factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the degree of this emancipation can give valuable information on the evolution and proximate causation of displays, it has not been the subject of much experimental testing. Recently Dü ttmann & Groothuis (1996) compared the proximate causation of the Whistleshake display of male shelducks with that of its evolutionary precursor, the comfort movement of Body-shaking. They found that males perform both the Whistle-shake and the Body-shake after wetting their plumage.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Instead of taking back the head directly, a bill-tipping component is added while the drake utters a trill ( Fig. 1; see Dü ttmann & Groothuis 1996). Body-shake and Whistleshake alternate in a yearly rhythm: the Whistleshake is performed almost exclusively for most of the year.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of comfort and social stimuli on a comfort movement and a display derived from it

1998

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Abstract. We tested the extent of emancipation of the Whistle-shake display of male shelducks, Tadorna tadorna, from causal factors controlling its presumed evolutionary precursor, the Body-shake, a comfort movement. Both motor patterns show similarities in form and alternate in a yearly rhythm. First, in an artificial rain experiment, we analysed the influence of a stimulus controlling comfort movements. In spring almost exclusively Whistle-shakes were induced even in the absence of social stimuli, while in summer the birds performed predominantly Body-shakes. This is probably related to the seasonal production of sex hormones. Second, we tested the influence of social stimuli by confronting shelducks with displaying and non-displaying males. During moult when males almost exclusively perform Body-shakes we found no influence of social stimulation on the frequency or form of shakes. However, an effect of social stimulation was found in a period when the drakes gradually replace the Body-shake by the Whistle-shake which is after moult in autumn. In this experiment, birds were confronted with either an empty cage (control), artificial rain, a non-displaying or a displaying male conspecific. In relation to the control situation the birds performed more Whistle-shakes when stimulated socially and more Body-shakes when stimulated with artificial rain. The extent to which both shaking patterns share the same causal factors is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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