Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

Riesgo, Ana; Taboada, Sergi; Ávila, Conxita

doi:10.1016/j.margen.2015.07.005

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…For example, the vestimentiferan tube worm Sclerolinum contortum has shown genetic consistency in the COI gene among specimens collected from both polar regions and the Gulf of Mexico [66]. However, for the majority of Antarctic species investigated widespread distribution and circumpolarity is rarely recorded and multiple species with more restricted ranges are more common [17,23,67–69]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in 50% of deep-sea Antarctic polychaetes

et al. 2016

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The Antarctic marine environment is a diverse ecosystem currently experiencing some of the fastest rates of climatic change. The documentation and management of these changes requires accurate estimates of species diversity. Recently, there has been an increased recognition of the abundance and importance of cryptic species, i.e. those that are morphologically identical but genetically distinct. This article presents the largest genetic investigation into the prevalence of cryptic polychaete species within the deep Antarctic benthos to date. We uncover cryptic diversity in 50% of the 15 morphospecies targeted through the comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences, as well as 10 previously overlooked morphospecies, increasing the total species richness in the sample by 233%. Our ability to describe universal rules for the detection of cryptic species within polychaetes, or normalization to expected number of species based on genetic data is prevented by taxon-specific differences in phylogenetic outputs and genetic variation between and within potential cryptic species. These data provide the foundation for biogeographic and functional analysis that will provide insight into the drivers of species diversity and its role in ecosystem function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in 50% of deep-sea Antarctic polychaetes

et al. 2016

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“…It is important to re-iterate that these conclusions are currently drawn from morphological data only. The molecular work on polychaetes in the Southern Ocean to date has been very limited (Riesgo et al 2015), but Schüller (2010) already demonstrated that Glycera kerguelensis is in fact a complex of cryptic species. This finding is relevant to data presented here as Glycera kerguelensis (as established by morphological examination) was abundant at all depth horizons in the Amundsen Sea.…”

Section: Discussion Large-scale Patterns In Polychaete Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B, was also abundant on the slope of the Elephant Island. All polychaetes collected during the BIOPEARL I cruise were fixed in ethanol offering for the Southern Ocean a still-rare opportunity for future molecular studies in general and those of polychaetes in particular (Grant et al 2011;Riesgo et al 2015). Such studies will be of interest not only to taxonomy, but to evolutionary questions such as the role of glacial periods, as patterns observed here suggest that species were more likely to survive in shelf refugias, rather than migrating into deeper waters, given the dissimilarity between shelf and slope polychaete fauna.…”

Section: Discussion Large-scale Patterns In Polychaete Assemblagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

et al. 2017

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Based on a dataset of 16,991 and 307 morphospecies of polychaete worms collected from 58 epibenthic sledge deployments across the Scotia and Amundsen Seas, we show that the structures of their shelf, deep-shelf and slope communities are composed of distinct polychaete assemblages spanning regions with Bhigh^, Bintermediate^, and Blow^biodi-versity. Depth has been identified as the main factor structuring the polychaete communities in both seas, countering the prevalent notion of extended eurybathy of the Southern Ocean benthos. From an evolutionary perspective, this strong dissimilarity between shelf and slope fauna could be interpreted as evidence for survival in shelf refugias, rather than migration into deeper waters during glacial maxima. The previously unsampled Amundsen Sea is shown to be diverse, harbouring a high level of taxonomic novelty, with many species new to science. The polychaete community of the inner shelf in the Amundsen Sea (Pine Island Bay) has also been shown to be of deep-sea character, likely due to intrusion of the Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf. In the Scotia Sea, our data support the notion of relatively high biodiversity of waters around the South Orkney Islands, South Georgia, and Shag Rocks (all recently established as Marine Protected Areas) and depressed diversity in the extreme environment of Southern Thule.

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“…Our ability to define the geographic distribution, or biogeography, of species including how their distribution was established and is maintained, has also progressed with the development of DNA sequencing, phylogeography and population genetics (Riesgo et al, 2015). These methods allow us to visualize and, with sufficient sample numbers, calculate the level of population connectivity between known populations of species from different localities, which can be controlled by several interacting biological, physical and chemical factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

et al. 2017

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Recent genetic investigations have uncovered a high proportion of cryptic species within Antarctic polychaetes. It is likely that these evolved in isolation during periods of glaciation, and it is possible that cryptic populations would have remained geographically restricted from one another occupying different regions of Antarctica. By analysing the distributions of nine morphospecies, (six of which contained potential cryptic species), we find evidence for widespread distributions within the West Antarctic. Around 60% of the cryptic species exhibited sympatric distributions, and at least one cryptic clade was found to be widespread. Additional DNA barcodes from GenBank and morphological records extended the observed range of three species studied here, and indicate potential circum-Antarctic traits. Particle tracking analyses were used to model theoretical dispersal ranges of pelagic larvae. Data from these models suggest that the observed species distributions inferred from genetic similarity could have been established and maintained through the regional oceanographic currents, including the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and its coastal counter current. Improved understanding of the distribution of Antarctic fauna is essential for predicting the impacts of environmental change and determining management strategies for the region.

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Evolutionary patterns in Antarctic marine invertebrates: An update on molecular studies

Cited by 39 publications

References 99 publications

DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in 50% of deep-sea Antarctic polychaetes

DNA barcoding uncovers cryptic diversity in 50% of deep-sea Antarctic polychaetes

Comparative marine biodiversity and depth zonation in the Southern Ocean: evidence from a new large polychaete dataset from Scotia and Amundsen seas

Distributional Patterns of Polychaetes Across the West Antarctic Based on DNA Barcoding and Particle Tracking Analyses

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