Evolutionary Perspective of Structural Clones in Software

Kanwal, Jaweria; Maqbool, Onaiza; Basit, Hamid Abdul; Sindhu, Muddassar Azam

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2913043

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…For example, if methods that implement a connect to Bluetooth functionality often occur with methods that implement a send file over Bluetooth functionality, then we know that these two functionalities are related. Accordingly, we use the term Method Clone Structure (MCS) [95] to refer to a set of methods that are frequently cloned together across different projects. In other words, a recurring pattern of method clones is a Method Clone Structure.…”

Section: Mining Api Usage-based Methods Clone Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

FACER: An API Usage-based Code-example Recommender for Opportunistic Reuse

Abid

Shamail

Basit

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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To save time, developers often search for code examples that implement their desired software features. Existing code search techniques typically focus on ﬁnding code snippets for a single given query, which means that developers need to perform a separate search for each desired functionality. In this paper, we pro-pose FACER (Feature-driven API usage-based Code Examples Recommender), a technique that avoids repeated searches through opportunistic reuse. Speciﬁcally, given the selected code snippet that matches the initial search query, FACER ﬁnds and suggests related code snippets that represent features that the developer may want to implement next. FACER ﬁrst constructs a code fact repository by parsing the source code of open-source Java projects to obtain methods’ textual information, call graphs, and Application Programming Interface (API) usages. It then detects unique features by clustering methods based on similar API us-ages, where each cluster represents a feature or functionality. Finally, it detects frequently co-occurring features across projects using frequent pattern mining and recommends related methods from the mined patterns. To evaluate FACER, we run it on 120 Java Android apps from GitHub. We ﬁrst manually validate that the detected method clusters represent methods with similar functionality. We then perform an automated evaluation to determine the best parameters (e.g., similarity threshold) for FACER. We recruit 10 professional developers along with 39 experienced students to judge FACER’s recommendation of related methods. Our results show that, on average, FACER’s recommendations are 80% precise. We also survey a total of 20 professional Android and Java developers to understand their code search and reuse experiences, and also to obtain their feedback on the usability and usefulness of FACER. The survey results show that 95% of our surveyed professional developers ﬁnd the idea of related method recommendations useful during code reuse.

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Section: Mining Api Usage-based Methods Clone Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

FACER: An API Usage-based Code-example Recommender for Opportunistic Reuse

Abid

Shamail

Basit

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…However, the above experiment can partially represent by utilizing VCS miner, Metrics generator and Metrics based clone detector. Case Study 4 -Kanwal et al [41] Summary: This paper investigates the evolution of structural clones by conducting a longitudinal analysis of several versions of Java systems. The authors have defined structural clones and their evolution patterns in a formal notation.…”

Section: Figure 6 Kontogiannis's [45] Approach Using Bbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The trends in the patterns reveal that evolutionary characteristics of structural clones can facilitate better clone management systems. [41] approach using BBs Summary of the evaluation results is shown in Table 6. Based on the case studies, the RQ1 can be addressed, and we claim that it is a serious first proof of the usefulness of the proposed BBs.…”

Section: Figure 6 Kontogiannis's [45] Approach Using Bbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kontogiannis et al [45] VCS Miner AST Generator Metrics Generator Metrics Based Clone Detector Figure 4 Analyzing cloning evolution in the Linux kernel. Anatoniol et al [4] VCS Miner Metrics Generator Metrics based Clone Detector Figure 5 Relation of code clones and change couplings Geiger et al [25] VCS Miner Token Generator Token Based Clone Detector Figure 6 Evolutionary Perspective of Structural Clones in Software Kanwal et al [41] VCS Miner Token Generator Token Based Clone Detector Genealogy generator Figure 7 Table 6. Summary of the case study based validation to be extracted from the version control repository using VCS Miner.…”

Section: Usage Scenario In the Experimental Testbedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What is Your Code Clone Detection and Evolution Research Made Of?

Wijesiriwardana

Wimalaratne

2021

cai

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Over the past few decades, clone detection and evolution have become a major area of study in software engineering. Clone detection experiments present several challenges to researchers such as accurate data collection, selecting proper code detection algorithms, and understanding clone evolution phenomena. This paper attempts to facilitate clone detection and evolution research by providing a structured and systematic mechanism to conduct experiments. Clone detection experiments usually consist of several tasks such as fetching data from a version control system, performing necessary pre-processing activities, and feeding the data to a clone detection algorithm. Therefore, a particular clone detection experiment can interpret as a meaningful combination of such tasks into a scientific workflow. In this work, the concrete tasks in a code clone detection workflow are referred to as Building Blocks. This paper presents a useful collection of Building Blocks identified based on a systematic literature review, and a conceptual framework of an experimental testbed to facilitate clone detection experiments. The reusability of the Building Blocks was validated using four case studies selected from the literature. The validation results confirm the reusability and the expressiveness of the Building Blocks in new ventures. Besides, the proposed experimental testbed is proven beneficial in conducting and replicating clone detection experiments.

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“…In the current world, we are highly dependent on technology in all aspects of our daily life and technology is changing day by day. With the change in environment, the demands of the customer regarding software requirements also change [5] which results in the complexity of the software products. Software systems are required to be interdependent, maintainable, secure, and usable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Agile Methodologies for Ensuring Quality in Complex Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Ullah

Kanwal

Gillani

et al. 2022

IJIST

Self Cite

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In software development, the selection of a software process model set the base for the success of a software product. An inappropriate selection may lead to a delay in project release, introduce defects and make the project difficult to update. This lack of quality characteristics may lead to the risk of losing customer expectations as well as the failure of the project itself. In the case of complex systems, the problems become more severe. To meet such expectations, agile methodologies are used to ensure quality in software and meet customers’ expectations. There is currently no literature that gives insights into the role of agile methodologies in ensuring quality in complex systems. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness and the impact of agile methodology in achieving the quality of complex systems. For this, we perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and define a review protocol. By performing a thorough search and screening, we selected 39 papers related to agile methods and complex systems. Our analysis shows that complex systems have various requirements of quality attributes some of the complex systems mainly focus on security, reliability, and efficiency whereas other emphasizes safety, response time, and maintainability. Our analysis also shows that agile methodologies are widely used for the development of complex systems because ensuring the quality requirements of complex systems is not possible with the use of traditional methods of software development.

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Evolutionary Perspective of Structural Clones in Software

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

FACER: An API Usage-based Code-example Recommender for Opportunistic Reuse

FACER: An API Usage-based Code-example Recommender for Opportunistic Reuse

What is Your Code Clone Detection and Evolution Research Made Of?

Role of Agile Methodologies for Ensuring Quality in Complex Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

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