Evolutionary perspectives on cesarean section

Rosenberg, Karen; Trevathan, Wenda R.

doi:10.1093/emph/eoy006

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The rate of Caesarean section is increasing globally, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where rates had traditionally been low (Betrán et al 2016). This increasing prevalence may be exposing more infants to perinatal experiences and environments that are evolutionarily novel with detrimental consequences for short and long-term growth and development (Rosenberg and Trevathan 2018). Caesarean deliveries, particularly elective Caesarean deliveries occurring prior to labor and rupture of the membranes, have been associated with poorer neonatal outcomes including greater risk of respiratory distress and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (Collado et al 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways linking caesarean delivery to early health in a dual burden context: Immune development and the gut microbiome in infants and children from Galápagos, Ecuador

Thompson

Houck

Jahnke

2019

American J Hum Biol

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways linking caesarean delivery to early health in a dual burden context: Immune development and the gut microbiome in infants and children from Galápagos, Ecuador

Thompson

Houck

Jahnke

2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…In other cases, social norms and attitudes set the value on certain “medicalized” conditions. Cesarean‐sections are often performed unnecessarily because vaginal deliveries are incorrectly viewed as less safe (Cecilia De Mello, ; Rosenberg & Trevathan, ; Rosenberg & Veile, ). Cosmetic surgery trends vary across nations based on localized standards of physical attractiveness (Holliday & Elfving‐Hwang, ; Tranter & Hanson, ), and many patients seek elective cosmetic surgeries to “correct” perceived deformities that fall within normal (and healthy) variation (Honigman, Phillips, & Castle, ) in order to enhance their social value in their cultural context (Haas, Champion, & Secor, ).…”

Section: A Critique Of the Theoretical Foundations Of The Dominant Psmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health is biological health: Why tackling “diseases of the mind” is an imperative for biological anthropology in the 21st century

Syme

Hagen

2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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The germ theory of disease and the attendant public health initiatives, including sanitation, vaccination, and antibiotic treatment, led to dramatic increases in global life expectancy. As the prevalence of infectious disease declines, mental disorders are emerging as major contributors to the global burden of disease. Scientists understand little about the etiology of mental disorders, however, and many of the most popular psychopharmacological treatments, such as antidepressants and antipsychotics, have only moderate-to-weak efficacy in treating symptoms and fail to target biological systems that correspond to discrete psychiatric syndromes. Consequently, despite dramatic increases in the treatment of some mental disorders, there has been no decrease in the prevalence of most mental disorders since accurate record keeping began. Many researchers and theorists are therefore endeavoring to rethink psychiatry from the ground-up. Anthropology, especially biological anthropology, can offer critical theoretical and empirical insights to combat mental illness globally. Biological anthropologists are unique in that we take a panhuman approach to human health and behavior and are trained to address each of Tinbergen's four levels of analysis as well as culture. The field is thus exceptionally well-situated to help resolve the mysteries of mental illness by integrating biological, evolutionary, and sociocultural perspectives. K E Y W O R D S evolutionary medicine, mental health, psychopathology

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“…The large variations in CS rates across the globe is a reflection of cultural determinants rather than medical [1]. A mother's perception plays a significant part in the way she seeks and utilizes care.…”

Section: Preference For Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tocophobia (intense fear of birthing) has been reported as the main reason for this and an estimate of 6 -10% of mothers suffer from this. Other reported influencing factors that might be contributing to this include social acceptability, trauma, abuse, high trait anxiety and psychological problems early in pregnancy, fear of pelvic floor damage, urinary incontinence, fear of negative effects on sexual relationships and lack of knowledge/support [1,20,26].…”

Section: Preference For Csmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Health aspects of Cesarean section including overuse and underuse of the procedure

Vora¹,

Cottagiri²,

Saiyed³

et al. 2019

IRJPH

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Research Article IRJPH (2019) 3:30 Public Health aspects of Cesarean section including overuse and underuse of the procedure Caesarean section (CS) is lifesaving medical procedure that is able to avert both maternal and neonatal mortality. However, across the globe an estimated 3.2 million necessary CSs do not happen in low income countries and an estimate of 6.2 million unnecessary CSs happen in middle and high income countries. The overuse and underuse of this procedure driven by both the supply-side (such as resources within the health system, healthcare policy and strategies, health financing systems and perceptions of the healthcare professional) and demand-side (such as socioeconomic status, population preference and perceptions and trust in health system) determinants. There are stark inequities in CS rates between and within regions and countries. Many regions across the globe (Eastern Asia, Northern Europe, Central America, Southern America, Northern America and Oceania) have over double recommended optimal rates, whereas several African regions (Eastern, Middle and Western) have dangerously low rates. Both of these have detrimental impacts on maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is a need now for health policy and decision makers at both national and facility level to try and optimize the CS rates through facilitating strategies that promote positive human relations and encourage standardized evidence based care.

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Evolutionary perspectives on cesarean section

Cited by 54 publications

References 135 publications

Pathways linking caesarean delivery to early health in a dual burden context: Immune development and the gut microbiome in infants and children from Galápagos, Ecuador

Pathways linking caesarean delivery to early health in a dual burden context: Immune development and the gut microbiome in infants and children from Galápagos, Ecuador

Mental health is biological health: Why tackling “diseases of the mind” is an imperative for biological anthropology in the 21st century

Public Health aspects of Cesarean section including overuse and underuse of the procedure

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